Short track speed skating
 3000 meters short track relay during the 2014 Winter Olympics | |
| Highest governing body | International Skating Union |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | |
| Mixed gender | Yes |
| Equipment | ice skates, helmet, gloves, suit, shin guards, neck guard, safety glasses |
| Presence | |
| Olympic | 1988 (demonstration) 1992 - present |
Short track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.6 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (200 ft) long by 30 metres (98 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Short track speed skating is the sister sport to long track speed skating and the cousin sport to inline speed skating.
Contents
1 History
2 Rules
3 World records
3.1 Men
3.2 Women
4 Notable skaters
4.1 Men
4.2 Women
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History
Skaters at the starting line.
Short track speed skating developed from speed skating events that were held with mass starts. This form of speed skating was mainly practised in the United States and Canada, as opposed to the international form, where athletes skated in pairs. At the 1932 Winter Olympics, speed skating events were conducted in the mass start form. Competitions in North America tended to be held indoors, for example in Madison Square Garden, New York, and therefore on shorter tracks than was usual for outdoor skating.
In 1967, the International Skating Union (ISU) adopted short track speed skating, although it did not organize international competitions until 1976. World Championships in short track speed skating have been officially held since 1981, although events held in 1976–1980 under different names have since received the status of World Championships retrospectively. The name of the competition was changed several times before it was eventually titled the "World Short Track Speed Skating Championships" in 1989; the championships are now held annually.
Short track speed skating was introduced as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta in Canada. It was upgraded to a full Olympic sport in 1992 and has been part of the Winter Olympics ever since. There were only four short track events in the 1992 Winter Games, but the programme was expanded to include six events in 1994 and 1998, and finally eight events in the 2002 Winter Games. The events are the same for both men and women: 500 meters, 1000 meters, 1500 meters, plus the relay event (5000 meters for men, 3000 meters for women). A 3000 meter super-final event is included in the European and World Championships, but this is not currently part of the Olympic short track programme.
Rules
There are several actions that will result in skaters being disqualified from a race, and having their time rendered invalid.[1]
- Impeding: Intentionally pushing, blocking, tripping or otherwise causing an impediment for another skater
- Off track: Skating outside the designated track
- Assistance: Giving physical assistance to another skater. For example: pushing a teammate from behind for an extra boost, or allowing a teammate to lean on another for stability in corners
- Shooting the line or Kicking out: Driving the foot in lead ahead to reach the finish faster, resulting in the lead foot lifting off the ice and creating a dangerous situation for others
- Unsportsmanlike conduct: Acting in a manner not befitting an athlete or a role model. Including cursing at a competitor, kicking your feet, striking other skaters or officials, etc.
- Equipment: Not wearing the proper safety equipment, losing equipment during the race, or exposure of skin not on face or neck.
- False Start: Leaving before firing of the starter's pistol. On the second violation in the race, the offender on that start is disqualified.[2]
- Did not finish: Usually due to injury, the skater did not finish the race.
- Did not skate: The skater did not go to the starting line.
In relay races, each team has four skaters, who can take turns freely by tagging. All skaters of each team must take at least one turn, and only one exchange is allowed in the final three laps. Usually, the outgoing skater pushes the incoming skater to help the teammate to gain speed.
Short track at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics, Innsbruck
World records
Men
| Distance | Athlete | Nation | City | Date | Record Time | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 meters | Wu Dajing |  China | Salt Lake City, United States | 11 November 2018 | 39.505 | [3] |
| 1000 meters | Hwang Dae-heon |  South Korea | Salt Lake City, United States | 12 November 2016 | 1:20.875 | [4] |
| 1500 meters | Sjinkie Knegt |  Netherlands | Salt Lake City, United States | 13 November 2016 | 2:07.943 | [5] |
| 3000 meters | Noh Jin-kyu | South Korea | Warsaw, Poland | 19 March 2011 | 4:31.891 | [6] |
| 3000m relay | Jung Hok-young Kim Si-un Moon Won-jun Park Noh-won | South Korea | Innsbruck, Austria | 30 January 2017 | 3:57.047 | [7] |
| 5000m relay | Csaba Burján Cole Krueger Shaoang Liu Shaolin Sándor Liu |  Hungary | Calgary, Canada | 4 November 2018 | 6:28.625 | [8] |
Women
| Distance | Athlete | Nation | City | Date | Record Time | Ref[9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 meters | Elise Christie |  Great Britain | Salt Lake City, United States | 13 November 2016 | 42.335 | [10] |
| 1000 meters | Shim Suk-hee | South Korea | Calgary, Canada | 21 October 2012 | 1:26.661 | [11] |
| 1500 meters | Choi Min-jeong | South Korea | Salt Lake City, United States | 12 November 2016 | 2:14.354 | [12] |
| 3000 meters | Jung Eun-Ju | South Korea | Harbin, China | 15 March 2008 | 4:46.983 | [13] |
| 3000m relay | Suzanne Schulting Jorien ter Mors Lara van Ruijven Yara van Kerkhof | Netherlands | Pyeongchang, South Korea | 20 February 2018 | 4:03.471 | [14] |
Notable skaters
The following is the list of athletes who are Individual gold medalist at the Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Champion and who have won Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Championships at least three times.
Men
| Athlete | Nation | Born | Olympics | World Championships (Overall) | Olympics + World Championships (Overall) | World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team) | Total | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Total |  |  |  | Total |  |  |  | Total | | | | Total | | | | Total | |||
Ahn Hyun-Soo (Viktor Ahn) | South Korea Russia | 1985 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 22 | 13 | 5 | 40 | 34 | 14 | 7 | 55 |
Marc Gagnon |  Canada | 1975 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 28 | 22 | 11 | 7 | 40 |
Charles Hamelin | Canada | 1984 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 10 | 37 | 16 | 19 | 13 | 48 |
Kim Ki-hoon | South Korea | 1967 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2+ | 1+ | 2+ | 5+ | 6+ | 3+ | 3+ | 12+ |
Apolo Anton Ohno |  United States | 1982 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 19 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 31 |
Lee Ho-Suk | South Korea | 1986 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 11 | 11 | 4 | 26 |
Kim Dong-Sung | South Korea | 1980 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 20 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 25 |
Women
| Athlete | Nation | Born | Olympics | World Championships (Overall) | Olympics + World Championships (Overall) | World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team) | Total | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | Total | | | | Total | | | | Total | | | | Total | | | | Total | |||
Yang Yang (A) | China | 1976 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 26 | 12 | 5 | 43 | 34 | 15 | 6 | 55 |
Wang Meng | China | 1985 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 12 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 32 | 25 | 15 | 4 | 44 |
Chun Lee-kyung | South Korea | 1976 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 3 | 24 | 17 | 13 | 4 | 34 |
Sylvie Daigle | Canada | 1962 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 22+ | 8+ | ? | 31+ | 28+ | 11+ | 1+ | 40+ |
Jin Sun-yu | South Korea | 1988 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 20 |
Choi Min-jeong | South Korea | 1998 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
Nathalie Lambert | Canada | 1962 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 14+ | 3+ | 2+ | 19+ | 18+ | 7+ | 4+ | 29+ |
Choi Eun-kyung | South Korea | 1984 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 16 | 6 | 3 | 25 |
Park Seung-hi | South Korea | 1992 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
Shim Suk-Hee | South Korea | 1997 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 19 |
Zhou Yang | China | 1991 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 18 |
See also
- Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics
References
^ "Special Regulations & Technical Rules Speedskating and Short Track Speedskating" (PDF). International Skating Union. Retrieved 26 April 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ http://www.kolomna-speed-skating.com/en/sport/short_track/315.html
^ "Results - Men's 500m Final A". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
^ "ISU World Cup 2016/2017 Salt Lake City – Men's 1000m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 12 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
^ "ISU World Cup 2016/2017 Salt Lake City – Men's 1500m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
^ "2011 ISU World Team Championships – Men's 3000m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 19 March 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
^ "ISU World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships 2017 – Men's 3000m Relay Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 30 January 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
^ "ISU World Cup 2018/19 – Men's 5000m Relay Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 4 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
^ "Short Track Results – Current World Records". ISU. 12 November 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
^ "ISU World Cup 2016/17 Salt Lake City - Women's 500m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ "ISU World Cup 2016/17 Calgary - Women's 1000m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ "ISU World Cup 2012/2013 Salt Lake City - Women's 1500m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ "2008 ISU World Team Championships, China - Women's 3000m Bracket #2 Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ "Short Track Speed Skating – Ladies' 3,000m Relay – Finals Results" (PDF). Pyeongchang 2018. International Olympic Committee. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Short track speed skating. |
- IOC – Short track speed skating
- ISU – Short track speed skating
- Speed Skating Canada
- US Speed Skating
- Italian Short Track Speed Skating
- Australian Ice Racing
