Short track speed skating




winter sport, in which skaters skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 m
























Short track speed skating

Korea ShortTrack Ladies 3000m Gold Sochi 04.png
3000 meters short track relay during the 2014 Winter Olympics

Highest governing body
International Skating Union
Characteristics
Mixed gender Yes
Equipment ice skates, helmet, gloves, suit, shin guards, neck guard, safety glasses
Presence
Olympic 1988 (demonstration)
1992 - present

Short track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.6 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (200 ft) long by 30 metres (98 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Short track speed skating is the sister sport to long track speed skating and the cousin sport to inline speed skating.




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Rules


  • 3 World records


    • 3.1 Men


    • 3.2 Women




  • 4 Notable skaters


    • 4.1 Men


    • 4.2 Women




  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links





History




Skaters at the starting line.


Short track speed skating developed from speed skating events that were held with mass starts. This form of speed skating was mainly practised in the United States and Canada, as opposed to the international form, where athletes skated in pairs. At the 1932 Winter Olympics, speed skating events were conducted in the mass start form. Competitions in North America tended to be held indoors, for example in Madison Square Garden, New York, and therefore on shorter tracks than was usual for outdoor skating.


In 1967, the International Skating Union (ISU) adopted short track speed skating, although it did not organize international competitions until 1976. World Championships in short track speed skating have been officially held since 1981, although events held in 1976–1980 under different names have since received the status of World Championships retrospectively. The name of the competition was changed several times before it was eventually titled the "World Short Track Speed Skating Championships" in 1989; the championships are now held annually.


Short track speed skating was introduced as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta in Canada. It was upgraded to a full Olympic sport in 1992 and has been part of the Winter Olympics ever since. There were only four short track events in the 1992 Winter Games, but the programme was expanded to include six events in 1994 and 1998, and finally eight events in the 2002 Winter Games. The events are the same for both men and women: 500 meters, 1000 meters, 1500 meters, plus the relay event (5000 meters for men, 3000 meters for women). A 3000 meter super-final event is included in the European and World Championships, but this is not currently part of the Olympic short track programme.



Rules


There are several actions that will result in skaters being disqualified from a race, and having their time rendered invalid.[1]



  • Impeding: Intentionally pushing, blocking, tripping or otherwise causing an impediment for another skater

  • Off track: Skating outside the designated track

  • Assistance: Giving physical assistance to another skater. For example: pushing a teammate from behind for an extra boost, or allowing a teammate to lean on another for stability in corners

  • Shooting the line or Kicking out: Driving the foot in lead ahead to reach the finish faster, resulting in the lead foot lifting off the ice and creating a dangerous situation for others

  • Unsportsmanlike conduct: Acting in a manner not befitting an athlete or a role model. Including cursing at a competitor, kicking your feet, striking other skaters or officials, etc.

  • Equipment: Not wearing the proper safety equipment, losing equipment during the race, or exposure of skin not on face or neck.

  • False Start: Leaving before firing of the starter's pistol. On the second violation in the race, the offender on that start is disqualified.[2]

  • Did not finish: Usually due to injury, the skater did not finish the race.

  • Did not skate: The skater did not go to the starting line.


In relay races, each team has four skaters, who can take turns freely by tagging. All skaters of each team must take at least one turn, and only one exchange is allowed in the final three laps. Usually, the outgoing skater pushes the incoming skater to help the teammate to gain speed.




Short track at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics, Innsbruck



World records



Men


































































Distance Athlete Nation City Date Record Time Ref
500 meters
Wu Dajing
 China

Salt Lake City, United States
11 November 2018 39.505 [3]
1000 meters
Hwang Dae-heon
 South Korea

Salt Lake City, United States
12 November 2016 1:20.875 [4]
1500 meters
Sjinkie Knegt
 Netherlands

Salt Lake City, United States
13 November 2016 2:07.943 [5]
3000 meters
Noh Jin-kyu
 South Korea

Warsaw, Poland
19 March 2011 4:31.891 [6]
3000m relay

Jung Hok-young
Kim Si-un
Moon Won-jun
Park Noh-won


 South Korea

Innsbruck, Austria
30 January 2017 3:57.047 [7]
5000m relay

Csaba Burján
Cole Krueger
Shaoang Liu
Shaolin Sándor Liu

 Hungary

Calgary, Canada
4 November 2018 6:28.625 [8]


Women

























































Distance Athlete Nation City Date Record Time Ref[9]
500 meters
Elise Christie
 Great Britain

Salt Lake City, United States
13 November 2016 42.335 [10]
1000 meters
Shim Suk-hee
 South Korea

Calgary, Canada
21 October 2012 1:26.661 [11]
1500 meters
Choi Min-jeong
 South Korea

Salt Lake City, United States
12 November 2016 2:14.354 [12]
3000 meters
Jung Eun-Ju
 South Korea

Harbin, China
15 March 2008 4:46.983 [13]
3000m relay

Suzanne Schulting
Jorien ter Mors
Lara van Ruijven
Yara van Kerkhof

 Netherlands

Pyeongchang, South Korea
20 February 2018 4:03.471 [14]


Notable skaters


The following is the list of athletes who are Individual gold medalist at the Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Champion and who have won Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Championships at least three times.



Men


















































































































































































































Athlete
Nation
Born
Olympics
World Championships (Overall)
Olympics + World Championships (Overall)
World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team)
Total

Gold medal olympic.svg

Silver medal olympic.svg

Bronze medal olympic.svg

Total

Gold medal world centered-2.svg

Silver medal world centered-2.svg

Bronze medal world centered-2.svg

Total

Gouden medaille.svg

Zilveren medaille.svg

Bronzen medaille.svg

Total

Gold medal world centered-2.svg

Silver medal world centered-2.svg

Bronze medal world centered-2.svg

Total

Gouden medaille.svg

Zilveren medaille.svg

Bronzen medaille.svg

Total

Ahn Hyun-Soo (Viktor Ahn)

 South Korea
 Russia
1985 6 0 2 8 6 1 0 7
12 1 2 15 22 13 5 40 34 14 7 55

Marc Gagnon

 Canada
1975 3 0 2 5 4 2 1 7
7 2 3 12 15 9 4 28 22 11 7 40

Charles Hamelin

 Canada
1984 3 1 0 4 1 3 3 7
4 4 3 11 12 15 10 37 16 19 13 48

Kim Ki-hoon

 South Korea
1967 3 0 0 3 1 2 1 4
4 2 1 7 2+ 1+ 2+ 5+ 6+ 3+ 3+ 12+

Apolo Anton Ohno

 United States
1982 2 2 4 8 1 2 1 4
3 4 5 12 8 5 6 19 11 9 11 31

Lee Ho-Suk

 South Korea
1986 1 4 0 5 2 2 0 4
3 6 0 9 8 5 4 17 11 11 4 26

Kim Dong-Sung

 South Korea
1980 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 3
3 1 1 5 10 7 3 20 13 8 4 25


Women






















































































































































































































































































































Athlete
Nation
Born
Olympics
World Championships (Overall)
Olympics + World Championships (Overall)
World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team)
Total

Gold medal olympic.svg

Silver medal olympic.svg

Bronze medal olympic.svg

Total

Gold medal world centered-2.svg

Silver medal world centered-2.svg

Bronze medal world centered-2.svg

Total

Gouden medaille.svg

Zilveren medaille.svg

Bronzen medaille.svg

Total

Gold medal world centered-2.svg

Silver medal world centered-2.svg

Bronze medal world centered-2.svg

Total

Gouden medaille.svg

Zilveren medaille.svg

Bronzen medaille.svg

Total

Yang Yang (A)

 China
1976 2 2 1 5 6 1 0 7
8 3 1 12 26 12 5 43 34 15 6 55

Wang Meng

 China
1985 4 1 1 6 3 3 0 6
7 4 1 12 18 11 3 32 25 15 4 44

Chun Lee-kyung

 South Korea
1976 4 0 1 5 3 2 0 5
7 2 1 10 10 11 3 24 17 13 4 34

Sylvie Daigle

 Canada
1962 1 1 0 2 5 2 1 8
6 3 1 10 22+ 8+ ? 31+ 28+ 11+ 1+ 40+

Jin Sun-yu

 South Korea
1988 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3
6 0 0 6 10 3 1 14 16 3 1 20

Choi Min-jeong

 South Korea
1998 2 0 0 2 3 0 0 3
5 0 0 5 9 1 1 11 14 1 1 16

Nathalie Lambert

 Canada
1962 1 2 0 3 3 2 2 7
4 4 2 10 14+ 3+ 2+ 19+ 18+ 7+ 4+ 29+

Choi Eun-kyung

 South Korea
1984 2 2 0 4 2 1 0 3
4 3 0 7 12 3 3 18 16 6 3 25

Park Seung-hi

 South Korea
1992 2 0 3 5 1 2 0 3
3 2 3 8 8 4 1 13 11 6 4 21

Shim Suk-Hee

 South Korea
1997 2 1 1 4 1 0 3 4
3 1 4 8 7 3 1 11 10 4 5 19

Zhou Yang

 China
1991 3 0 0 3 0 1 1 2
3 1 1 5 5 4 4 13 8 5 5 18


See also


  • Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics


References





  1. ^ "Special Regulations & Technical Rules Speedskating and Short Track Speedskating" (PDF). International Skating Union. Retrieved 26 April 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ http://www.kolomna-speed-skating.com/en/sport/short_track/315.html


  3. ^ "Results - Men's 500m Final A". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.


  4. ^ "ISU World Cup 2016/2017 Salt Lake City – Men's 1000m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 12 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2017.


  5. ^ "ISU World Cup 2016/2017 Salt Lake City – Men's 1500m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2017.


  6. ^ "2011 ISU World Team Championships – Men's 3000m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 19 March 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2017.


  7. ^ "ISU World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships 2017 – Men's 3000m Relay Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 30 January 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017.


  8. ^ "ISU World Cup 2018/19 – Men's 5000m Relay Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 4 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.


  9. ^ "Short Track Results – Current World Records". ISU. 12 November 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2018.


  10. ^ "ISU World Cup 2016/17 Salt Lake City - Women's 500m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.


  11. ^ "ISU World Cup 2016/17 Calgary - Women's 1000m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.


  12. ^ "ISU World Cup 2012/2013 Salt Lake City - Women's 1500m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.


  13. ^ "2008 ISU World Team Championships, China - Women's 3000m Bracket #2 Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.


  14. ^ "Short Track Speed Skating – Ladies' 3,000m Relay – Finals Results" (PDF). Pyeongchang 2018. International Olympic Committee. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.




External links







  • IOC – Short track speed skating

  • ISU – Short track speed skating

  • Speed Skating Canada

  • US Speed Skating

  • Italian Short Track Speed Skating

  • Australian Ice Racing









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