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Scottish Borders The Mairches Crìochan na h-Alba
Coordinates: 55°21′36″N 2°29′24″W / 55.36000°N 2.49000°W / 55.36000; -2.49000Coordinates: 55°21′36″N 2°29′24″W / 55.36000°N 2.49000°W / 55.36000; -2.49000
Admin HQ	Newtown St Boswells
Government
• Body	Scottish Borders Council
• Control	Con + Ind (council NOC)
• MPs	John Lamont (Conservative – Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk) David Mundell (Conservative – Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale)
• MSPs	Christine Grahame (SNP – Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale) Rachael Hamilton (Conservative – Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire)
Area
• Total	1,827 sq mi (4,732 km2)
Area rank	Ranked 6th
Population (mid-2017 est.)
• Total	115,000
• Rank	Ranked 18th
• Density	60/sq mi (24/km2)
ONS code	S12000026
ISO 3166 code	GB-SCB
Website	www.scotborders.gov.uk

Topographic map of Scottish Borders and Lothian

The Scottish Borders (Scots: The Mairches, lit. "The Marches"; Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland.^[1] It borders the City of Edinburgh, Dumfries and Galloway, East Lothian, Midlothian, South Lanarkshire, West Lothian and, to the south-west, south and east, the English counties of Cumbria and Northumberland. The administrative centre of the area is Newtown St Boswells.

The term Scottish Borders is also used to designate the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border.

Geography

The Scottish Borders are in the eastern part of the Southern Uplands.^[2]

The region is hilly and largely rural, with the River Tweed flowing west to east through it. In the east of the region, the area that borders the River Tweed is flat and is known as 'The Merse'.^[3] The Tweed and its tributaries drain the entire region with the river flowing into the North Sea at Berwick-upon-Tweed, and forming the border with England for the last twenty miles or so of its length.

The term Central Borders refers to the area in which the majority of the main towns of Galashiels, Selkirk, Hawick, Jedburgh, Earlston, Kelso, Newtown St. Boswells, St Boswells, Peebles, Melrose and Tweedbank are located.

Two of Scotland's 40 national scenic areas (defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure their protection from inappropriate development)^[4] lie within the region:^[5]

• The Eildon and Leaderfoot National Scenic Area covers the scenery surrounding Eildon Hill, and extends to include the town of Melrose and Leaderfoot Viaduct.^[6]
  


• The Upper Tweeddale National Scenic Area covers the scenery surrounding the upper part of the River Tweed between Broughton and Peebles.^[7]
  

Largest towns

2011^[8]

• 
  Galashiels: 14,994


• 
  Hawick: 14,294


• 
  Peebles: 8,376


• 
  Selkirk: 5,784


• 
  Kelso: 5,639


• 
  Jedburgh: 4,030


• 
  Eyemouth: 3,546


• 
  Innerleithen: 3,031


• 
  Duns: 2,753


• 
  Melrose: 2,307


• 
  Coldstream: 1,946


• 
  Earlston: 1,779

History

The term Borders also has a wider meaning, referring to all of the counties adjoining the English border, also including Dumfriesshire and Kirkcudbrightshire — as well as Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland in England.

Roxburghshire and Berwickshire historically bore the brunt of the conflicts with England, both during declared wars such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, and armed raids which took place in the times of the Border Reivers. Thus, across the region are to be seen the ruins of many castles, abbeys and even towns.

The council area was created in 1975, by merging the historic counties of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire and part of Midlothian, as a two-tier region with the districts of Berwickshire, Ettrick and Lauderdale, Roxburgh, and Tweeddale within it. In 1996 the region became a unitary authority area and the districts were wound up. The region was created with the name Borders. Following the election of a shadow area council in 1995 the name was changed to Scottish Borders with effect from 1996.^[9]

Although there is evidence of some Scottish Gaelic in the origins of place names such as Innerleithen ("confluence of the Leithen"), Kilbucho and Longformacus, which contain identifiably Goidelic rather than Brythonic Celtic elements and are an indication of at least a Gaelic-speaking elite in the area, the main languages in the area since the 5th century appear to have been Brythonic (in the west) and Old English (in the east), the latter of which developed into its modern forms of English and Scots.

Politics

There are two British Parliamentary constituencies in the Borders. Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk covers most of the region and is represented by John Lamont of the Conservatives. The western Tweeddale area is included in the Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale & Tweeddale constituency and is represented by David Mundell of the Conservatives.

At Scottish Parliament level, there are also two seats. The eastern constituency is Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire, which is currently represented by Conservative Rachael Hamilton. The western constituency is Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale and is represented by SNP Christine Grahame.

Following the 2012 local elections, the council administration was a coalition of Independents, Scottish National Party and Liberal Democrats. Prior to the election a coalition of Conservatives, Liberal Democrats and Independents ruled. The Conservatives were the biggest party on the council with 10 seats, the Liberal Democrats had six. The SNP had nine seats and the Independents had seven. Two councillors form the Borders Party.

Following the 2017 local elections, the council is now a coalition of Independents and Conservatives. The Conservatives became the largest party on the council with 15, an increase of 5.

Population

At the Census held on 27 March 2011, the population of the region was 114,000 (provisional total), an increase of 6.78% from the 106,764 enumerated at the previous (2001) Census.

Transport

The region had until September 2015 no working railway stations. Although the area was well connected to the Victorian railway system, the branch lines that supplied it were closed in the decades following the Second World War. A bill was passed by the Scottish Parliament to extend the Waverley Line, which aimed to re-introduce a commuter service from Edinburgh to Stow, Galashiels and Tweedbank. This section of the route re-opened on 6 September 2015, under the Borders Railway branding. The other railway route running through the region is the East Coast Main Line, with Edinburgh Waverley, Dunbar and Berwick being the nearest stations on that line, all of which are outwith the Borders. Since 2014 there has been discussion^[10] of re-opening the station at Reston which is within the region and would serve Eyemouth. To the west, Carlisle, Carstairs and Lockerbie are the nearest stations on the West Coast Main Line.

The area is served by buses which connect the main population centres. Express bus services link the main towns with rail stations at Edinburgh and Carlisle.

The region also has no commercial airports; the nearest are Edinburgh and Newcastle, both of which are international airports.

The main roads to and from the region are:

• The A1, which runs along the east coast from London to Edinburgh; passing near Eyemouth.


• The A7 which runs north to south from Edinburgh to Carlisle and the M6; passing through Galashiels, Selkirk and Hawick.


• The A68 running from Darlington to Edinburgh; passing through Jedburgh, St. Boswells, Earlston and Lauder.


• The A72, which runs east to west from Galashiels to Hamilton; passing through Innerleithen and Peebles
  

Towns and villages

Part of the Scottish Borders Council offices at Newtown St. Boswells

• 
  Abbey St. Bathans, Allanton, Ancrum, Ashkirk
  


• 
  Broughton, Burnmouth
  


• 
  Cardrona, Chirnside, Clovenfords, Cockburnspath, Coldingham, Coldstream
  


• 
  Denholm, Dryburgh, Duns
  


• 
  Earlston, Edrom, Eddleston, Ettrick, Ettrickbridge, Eyemouth
  


• Foulden


• 
  Galashiels, Grantshouse, Greenlaw
  


• 
  Hawick, Heriot, Hutton
  


• Innerleithen


• Jedburgh


• 
  Kelso, Kirk Yetholm
  


• 
  Lauder, Lilliesleaf, Longformacus
  


• 
  Melrose, Morebattle
  


• 
  Newcastleton, Newstead, Newtown St Boswells
  


• 
  Peebles, Preston, Paxton
  


• 
  Reston, Roxburgh
  


• 
  Selkirk, St. Abbs, St Boswells, Stow, Stichill, Swinton
  


• 
  Teviothead, Town Yetholm, Traquair, Tweedbank, Tweedsmuir
  


• 
  Walkerburn, West Linton, Whitsome
  


• Yair

Places of interest

See also

• Borders College


• Scottish Marches


• Anglo-Scottish border


• Debatable lands


• List of places in the Scottish Borders


• Scottish Lowlands


• 
  Alexander Jeffrey, historian of Scottish Borders

Notes and references

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scottish Borders.

• 
  Scottish Borders at Curlie
  


• Borders' Dialect


• Scots Language Centre page on Borders' Dialect


• Scottish Borders Council


• Region Website