Sena language
Sena language
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| Sena | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Mozambique, Malawi |
| Ethnicity | Sena |
Native speakers | 1.6 million (2001–2006)[1] |
Language family | Niger–Congo
|
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Official language in | Zimbabwe (as 'Chibarwe') |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:seh – Mozambiquean Senaswk – Malawian Senabwg – Barwe |
| Glottolog | nucl1396 Nuclear Sena[2]mala1475 Malawi Sena[3]barw1243 Barwe[4] |
Guthrie code | N.44,441 (N.45,46)[5] |
| Linguasphere | 99-AUS-xi incl. varieties 99-AUS-xia...-xic; also 99-AUS-xj (chi-Rue) & 99-AUS-xm (chi-Podzo) |
Sena is a Bantu language spoken in the four provinces of central Mozambique (Zambezi valley): Tete, Sofala, Zambezia and Manica. There were an estimated 900,000 native Sena speakers in Mozambique in 1997, with at least 1.5 million if including those who speak it as second language. It is one of the Nyasa languages.
Sena is spoken in several dialects, of which Rue and Podzo are divergent. The Sena of Malawi may be a distinct language. Barwe (Chibarwe) has official recognition in Zimbabwe.
Some remarks on Sena tenses can be found in Funnell (2004),[6] Barnes & Funnell (2005)[7] and in Kiso (2012).[8]
References[edit]
^ Mozambiquean Sena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Malawian Sena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Barwe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Nuclear Sena". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Malawi Sena". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Barwe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
^ Funnell, Barry J. (2004)."A Contrastive Analysis of Two Varieties of Sena". MA dissertation, University of South Africa; (Introduction)
^ Barnes, Lawrie; Funnell, Barry (2005) "Exploring the cross-border standardisation of Chisena". Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of Africa. Vol. 36.
^ Kiso, Andrea (2012), "Tense and Aspect in Chichewa, Citumbuka, and Cisena". Ph.D. Thesis. Stockholm University.
 Languages of Zimbabwe | |
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| Official languages |
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| Unofficial languages |
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 Languages of Mozambique | |
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| Official language |
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| Indigenous languages |
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| Sign languages |
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 Languages of Malawi | |
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| Official languages |
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| Regional languages |
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Authority control  |
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Categories:
- Sena
- Nyasa languages
- Languages of Mozambique
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