Jared Polis
Jared Polis
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Jared Polis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Governor-elect of Colorado | |
Assuming office January 8, 2019 | |
| Lieutenant | Dianne Primavera (elect) |
| Succeeding | John Hickenlooper |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Colorado's 2nd district | |
In office January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Mark Udall |
| Succeeded by | Joe Neguse |
| Member of the Colorado State Board of Education from the at-large district | |
In office 2001–2007 | |
| Preceded by | Ben Alexander |
| Succeeded by | Seat abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jared Polis Schutz (1975-05-12) May 12, 1975 Boulder, Colorado, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Domestic partner | Marlon Reis |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Princeton University (BA) |
| Net worth | $313.6 million (2015)[1] |
| Website | House website |
Jared Schutz Polis (/ˈpoʊlɪs/; born May 12, 1975) is an American politician, entrepreneur, and philanthropist who is the Governor-elect of Colorado. From 2009 to 2019, he was the United States Representative for Colorado's 2nd congressional district. Polis was elected Governor of Colorado in 2018, making him the first openly gay man elected governor in the United States, the second openly LGBT person elected governor in the United States (after Governor Kate Brown of Oregon), and the first Jewish person elected governor of Colorado.[2][3]
A member of the Democratic Party, Polis served on the Colorado State Board of Education from 2001 to 2007. During his tenure in Congress, he was among its wealthiest members, with a personal net worth estimated at nearly $400 million.[1]
Contents
1 Early life and education
2 Business career
3 Philanthropic career
4 Early political career
4.1 State Board of Education
4.2 Ballot measures
5 Political career
5.1 Elections
5.2 Congress
5.2.1 Tenure
5.2.2 Committee assignments
5.2.3 Caucus memberships
5.2.4 Legislation sponsored
5.3 Colorado Governor
5.3.1 Transition team
6 Political positions
6.1 Education
6.2 Foreign policy
6.2.1 Iraq
6.2.2 Afghanistan
6.2.3 Iran
6.2.4 Human rights
6.3 Civil liberties
6.3.1 Patriot Act
6.3.2 Internet piracy
6.3.3 NDAA
6.3.4 Drug policy
6.4 LGBT rights
6.5 Bitcoin
6.6 Energy
6.7 Campus rape
6.8 Kombucha
7 Personal life
8 Electoral history
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Polis is the son of Stephen Schutz and Susan Polis Schutz, founders of greeting card and book publisher Blue Mountain Arts.[4] He was born at Boulder Community Hospital in Boulder, Colorado, in 1975. He lived in San Diego, California, during his high school years, and graduated from La Jolla Country Day School in three years with multiple honors. He also received a Bachelor of Arts in politics from Princeton University. In 2000 he legally changed his name to use his mother's surname, in part to raise awareness for a fund-raiser and because he simply "liked it better".[5]
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Business career[edit]
Polis co-founded American Information Systems (AIS), Inc while still in college. AIS was an internet access provider and was sold in 1998. In 1996, he co-founded[6] a free electronic greeting card website, Bluemountain.com, which was sold to Excite@Home in 1999 for $430 million in stock and $350 million in cash.[7][8]
In February 1998, Polis founded ProFlowers, an online florist, in La Jolla, California. In December of that year, economist Dr. Arthur Laffer began advising Polis and joined ProFlowers as a Director.[9] ProFlowers, later renamed Provide Commerce, Inc., went public on NASDAQ as PRVD on December 17, 2003. In 2005, Provide Commerce was acquired by media conglomerate Liberty Media Corporation for $477 million.
Philanthropic career[edit]
In 2000, Polis founded the Jared Polis Foundation, whose mission is to "create opportunities for success by supporting educators, increasing access to technology, and strengthening our community."[10] Its main programs are the annual "Teacher Recognition Awards";[11] the "Community Computer Connection" program,[12] which refurbishes and donates more than 3,500 computers a year to schools and non-profit organizations; and the semi-annual "Jared Polis Foundation Education Report". Polis has also founded two charter schools, one with multiple campuses across three states and a post-secondary school, the New America College, for at-risk students. In 2004, he established the charter school "New America School," which is a high school that primarily serves older immigrant youth ages 16–21 and has three campuses in Colorado, in the Denver Metro area, two campuses in New Mexico[13] and a campus opening in Las Vegas, Nevada in 2013.[14] In 2005, Polis co-founded with Urban Peak the charter school Academy of Urban Learning[15] in Denver to help youth at risk of becoming homeless or living in unstable living conditions.
Polis was named Outstanding Philanthropist for the 2006 National Philanthropy Day in Colorado. He is a recipient of many awards, including the Boulder Daily Camera's 2007 Pacesetter Award in Education;[16] the Kauffman Foundation Community Award;[17] the Denver consul general of Mexico "Ohtli";[18] the Martin Luther King Jr. Colorado Humanitarian Award; and the Anti-Defamation League's inaugural Boulder Community Builder Award.
At the time of his election, Polis had founded a number of companies and is one of the 10 richest members of the United States Congress.[19]
Early political career[edit]
Together with Pat Stryker, Rutt Bridges, and Tim Gill, Polis is one of the four wealthy Coloradans sometimes called the "Gang of Four" who donate to liberal causes.[20]
State Board of Education[edit]
In 2000, Polis was elected at-large as a member of the Colorado State Board of Education and served for a single six-year term until January 2007 when the district was eliminated.[21] His election was one of the closest in Colorado history, as he defeated incumbent Ben Alexander by 90 votes out of 1.6 million cast.[22] Polis served as Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Colorado State Board of Education during his term.[23][24][25]
Ballot measures[edit]
In 2006, Polis served as Co-chair of "Coloradans for Clean Government," a committee that supported Amendment 41, a citizen-initiated ballot measure to ban gifts by registered lobbyists to government officials, establish a $50 annual restriction on gift-giving from non-lobbyists, establish a two-year cooling-off period before former state legislators and statewide elected officials can begin lobbying, and create an independent ethics commission. In November 2006, 62.3% of Colorado voters approved the "Ethics in Government" constitutional amendment.[26]
In 2007, Polis Co-chaired the "Building for our Future" campaign that supported ballot question 3A in the Boulder Valley School District to issue $296.8 million in bonds for the improvement and modernization of aging school facilities —the largest capital construction bond issue in the district's history and the largest school bond proposal in Colorado that year. In November 2006, 58% of Boulder Valley School District voters approved the measure.[27]
In 2014, Polis planned to champion two ballot measures which would have limited fracking in Colorado by banning drilling near schools and homes and by empowering communities to pass their own rules. However, the measures were dropped after he reached a deal with Governor John Hickenlooper to create a task force. The absence of the initiatives was seen as a relief to vulnerable Democrats who would have had to take controversial stances on the issue.[28]
Political career[edit]
Elections[edit]
Polis campaigning in 2008
In 2008, Polis won a heavily contested Democratic primary election for Colorado's 2nd congressional district, and went on to win the general election on November 4, 2008, winning 62% of the vote to succeed Mark Udall.
In 2010, Polis won 57% of the popular vote to win re-election.[29][30]
In 2012, Polis ran uncontested in the Democratic primary and won a third election to Congress with 55% of popular vote.[31]
In 2014, Polis won a fourth election to Congress with 57% of the popular vote.[32]
In 2016, Polis won 56.9% of the popular vote to win re-election.[33]
In 2018, Polis announced that he would be running for governor of Colorado.[34] Polis won election as governor with 53.4% of the vote, becoming the first openly gay person elected governor of any state.[35] (He is not, however, the first gay person to serve as a state governor; on August 12, 2004, Jim McGreevey, 52nd Governor of New Jersey, came out as gay after being elected, but resigned during his term.)[36]
Congress[edit]
Tenure[edit]
Official portrait in 2012
Polis is currently[when?] the Red to Blue program chair for the DCCC, helping recruit and raise money for Democratic candidates in competitive congressional districts.[37] According to sources close to Polis[who?], he has eyed a higher leadership role in the DCCC, running for Vice-Chair of the House Democratic Caucus after then-chairman Xavier Becerra was term-limited.[38] The position ended up going to New York Congressman Joe Crowley.[39]
Committee assignments[edit]
For the 114th Congress, Polis served on the following committees[40]
Committee on Education and the Workforce
- Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training
- Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions
Committee on Natural Resources
- Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources
- Subcommittee on Federal Lands
- Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
Committee on Rules
- Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process
Caucus memberships[edit]
Congressional Cannabis Caucus[41]
Congressional Progressive Caucus[42]
LGBT Equality Caucus (Co-Chair)- Blockchain Caucus (Co-Chair)
- Mexico Caucus (Co-Chair)
- Nepal Caucus (Co-Chair)
Veterinary Medicine Caucus[43]
New Democrat Coalition[44]
Congressional Arts Caucus[45]
Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus[46]
- NO PAC Caucus[47]
Liberty Caucus[48]
U.S.-Japan Caucus[49]
Legislation sponsored[edit]
The following is an incomplete list of legislation that Polis has introduced:
Lake Hill Administrative Site Affordable Housing Act (H.R. 2337; 113th Congress) - a bill that would require the Secretary of Agriculture to sell 40 acres of Forest Service land near Frisco, Colorado. Summit County, Colorado would use the land to build affordable housing.[50]
Colorado Governor[edit]
Transition team[edit]
Polis was elected governor on November 6, 2018. Boldly Forward, a 501(c)4 nonprofit, was formed as the transition team, working with Keystone Center as facilitator. Inauguration is Jan. 8, 2019.[51]
Political positions[edit]
Education[edit]
In 2011 Polis, along with Senator Joe Lieberman (I-CT), introduced the 2011 Race to the Top Act (H.R. 1532). The legislation authorized old provisions and some new ones including: new standards to encourage and reward states based on their implementation of comprehensive educational reforms that innovate through 4-year competitive grants that allow more funding to expand Charter schools and compensate teachers in part based on their students' performance.[52][53][54]
Polis has sponsored other education bills and legislation regarding students including;
- The SLICE (School Lunch Improvements for Children's Education) Act, in response to Congress redefining pizza as a vegetable.[55] The SLICE Act would require healthier meals for students, which would, for example, allow the USDA to accurately count 1/8 of a cup of tomato paste as 1/8 of a cup, instead of half of a cup, which is what qualifies pizza as a vegetable; allow the USDA to implement science-based sodium reduction targets; and, allow the USDA to set a whole grain requirement.[56] The SLICE Act is opposed by The Food Institute saying that it, "all but removes foods made with tomato paste from school cafeterias, in spite of the significant nutritional value offered by tomato paste."[57] But Polis says, "Pizza has a place in school meals, but equating it with broccoli, carrots and celery seriously undermines this nation's efforts to support children's health." Polis adds that Agribusiness should never dictate the quality of school meals."[58]
- The Defending Special Education Students and Families Act, which fully funds the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention for special education.[59] In the original bill, IDEA promised to pay 40% of the excess cost of educating students with disabilities, but that funding provision hasn't been fulfilled and only covers 16% of special-education funding and has never funded more than 30%.[60] Polis's bill suggests cutting excess and wasteful Pentagon spending, by cutting $18.8 billion in weapons systems over five years.[61]
Polis has also introduced the Computer Science Education Act, which helps provide job training for computing jobs, and the ACE Act, which would provide funding to improve outcomes for students in persistently low-performing schools, and to authorize school "turnaround grants."[62][63]
In 2015, during a back-and-forth exchange before the House Education and Workforce Committee's Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training, Polis argued for schools to be able to use lower standards of evidence when deciding to expel students accused of sexual assault by stating, "If there are 10 people who have been accused, and under a reasonable likelihood standard maybe one or two did it, it seems better to get rid of all 10 people."[64] Shortly after the comments, Polis said that he misspoke during the subcommittee hearing and that he committed a major gaffe during the discussion.[65] Civil liberties and conservative sources have pointed to Polis's comments as evidence of the drive to erode due process rights with regards to answering accusations of sexual assault at U.S. colleges and universities.[66][67][68]
Foreign policy[edit]
Iraq[edit]
Polis opposed the Iraq War saying that, "The invasion of Iraq was a colossal mistake and I opposed the war from the very beginning. Bush's blunders, and the Democrats who gave him cover along the way, have left us without easy solutions for improving the situation."[69]
During a congressional trip to Iraq Polis praised the "Sons of Iraq" policy, which funds former military and police officials under Saddam Hussein to lay down their arms against coalition forces, patrol neighborhoods, and fight against other Sunni insurgents. In an op-ed, he wrote, "If we had started this policy sooner after the invasion, we no doubt could have prevented loss of life. As can be expected, some of them turn out to be corrupt and attack us anyway, but most seem to be helping to keep the order. The challenge is to bring them into the fold of the new Iraqi government and a proper chain of command structure."[70]
In the op-ed Polis also said, "The hippie in me bemoans the fact that we defeated the Iraqi military only to help them build an even stronger one that might one day be used against children and innocents, as often is the case. When will all the killing end? Where have all the flowers gone? And they shall beat their swords into plowshares and they shall study war no more."[71]
Afghanistan[edit]
Polis supports removing all troops from Afghanistan.[72] In 2010 Polis supported a failed resolution to withdraw all troops from Afghanistan within 30 days, saying that "I don't believe that this ongoing occupation is in our national interest," and that, "I supported the initial action to oust the Taliban in Afghanistan, and that succeeded, The challenge we face now is a stateless menace."[73]
Polis also took a Congressional Delegation trip to Afghanistan, meeting with the former Afghan Interior Minister Mohammad Hanif Atmar, US military officials and Diplomats. During his meeting with Mohammed Hanif Atmar, Polis focused on the Education gap between Afghanistan and Western nations, the low literacy rate for Afghan police and military officials, and combating political corruption.[74]
Polis has criticized expanding US troops in Afghanistan, and supports putting resources in intelligence and special operations. Writing in a report after visiting Afghanistan that "We need all the high-level diplomatic support we can to master the diplomatic complexities of fighting against an enemy holed up in two countries, as well as navigating the complex regional politics." Also adding that, "Our best estimates show there to be no more than 5,000 al-Qaeda fighters in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They operate out of areas in southern and eastern Afghanistan and on the Pakistan/Afghanistan border. Do we really need to occupy an entire country of around 30 million people to root out 5,000 enemies? I harbor a deep degree of ambivalence about the military surge. The diplomatic surge is good, increasing our covert ops and intelligence abilities focused on al-Qaeda is good, but adding tens of thousands of American troops for years doesn't necessarily get us closer to defeating al-Qaeda."[75]
Iran[edit]
Polis voted in favor of the 2010 Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act expanding economic sanctions against Iran under the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act, and co-sponsored H.R. 1327; the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act of 2009, authorizing state and local governments to direct divestiture from, and prevent investment in, companies with investments of $20,000,000 or more in Iran's energy sector.[76][77]
Human rights[edit]
Polis, along with Representatives Barney Frank and Tammy Baldwin, has called on the United States embassy in Iraq and former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to prioritize investigating the allegations of rape, torture and executions of LGBT Iraqis, saying "Such disturbing violations of human rights should not be ignored and the United States should not stand idly by while billions of taxpayer dollars are used to support their government."
Along with the support of 35 members of the House, Polis has also called on the State Department to address violence against the LGBT community in Honduras.[78]
Civil liberties[edit]
Polis (right) with California Representative Xavier Becerra in Westminster, Colorado
While in the House, Polis has been a staunch advocate for civil liberties, saying while campaigning in 2008 that "balance must be restored between the executive and the judicial branch (through restoring habeas corpus, and clarifying that the President does not have the Constitutional authority to alter legislation through signing statements,) and between the executive and the legislative branch (clarifying that the Fourth Amendment requires probable cause and a warrant for the government to monitor Americans)".[79]
Patriot Act[edit]
Polis has been a vocal opponent of the PATRIOT ACT. In a letter to House Speaker John Boehner, Polis stated that the Patriot Act "is a bill that has been plagued with abuse since it was first passed, and today's rule is yet another example of short-circuiting the system that our Founding Fathers set up. If there were ever the need for the close supervision and congressional oversight of a law, it is a law that discusses how and under what conditions a government can spy on its own citizens."[80] On February 2011 Polis voted against H.R. 514, extending expiring provisions of the Patriot Act, authorizing court-approved roving wiretaps that permit surveillance on multiple phones, allowing court-approved seizure of records and property in anti-terrorism operations, and permitting surveillance against a so-called lone wolf, a non-US citizen engaged in terrorism who may not be part of a recognized terrorist group.[81][82]
Internet piracy[edit]
Polis supports an open and free internet, and has been critical of SOPA, PIPA and CISPA, saying in an interview with Forbes that; "I oppose piracy and want to see intellectual property protected because that is what fosters and rewards innovation. But SOPA won't accomplish a meaningful reduction in piracy and causes massive collateral damage to the Internet ecosystem."[83] While debating SOPA on the House floor Polis said that SOPA and PIPA "directly threaten the very internet that has brought humanity great prosperity and greater peace," and that, "Allowing the military and NSA to spy on Americans on American soil goes against every principle this country was founded on."
[84][85]
Polis, along with 167 other members of the House, voted against CISPA.[86]
Polis, along with representatives Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) and Darrell Issa (R-CA), sponsored Aaron's Law,[87] in the wake of the suicide of computer programmer and internet activist Aaron Swartz, (the co-founder of Reddit), who was facing computer and wire fraud charges and more than 30 years in prison and fines of over $1 million for violating the terms of service for illegally downloading academic journal articles from the digital library JSTOR.[88] The proposed bill would exclude terms of service violations from the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and from the wire fraud statute.[89][90] Polis said that the charges brought on by US Attorney Carmen Ortiz were "ridiculous and trumped-up," and that "It's absurd that he was made a scapegoat. I would hope that this doesn't happen to anyone else."[91]
NDAA[edit]
Polis voted against the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act, and is against Section 1021, which has drawn controversy about implications to detention policy.[92] After the law was signed, Polis, along with other members of the house, introduced legislation to repeal the indefinite detention provision. Though legislation has failed to pass the house, Section 1021 is now pending in the courts.[93]
Drug policy[edit]
Polis has been an early critic of the War on Drugs, stating that "Just as the policy of prohibition failed nationally with alcohol - it's now up to states and counties - I think we should do the same with marijuana."[94] During a June 2012 testimony of DEA Administrator Michele Leonhart before the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations, Polis questioned whether marijuana should be classified as a schedule one drug.[95] Polis questioned Leonhart, who refused to answer whether or not cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin posed a greater risk to someone's health than marijuana.[96] Polis also advocated the legalization of medical marijuana to combat prescription drug abuse.[97]
Polis is the leading sponsor of H.R. 499, or, the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2013.[98] If passed, the act would: Decriminalize possession of cannabis at the federal level; Relinquish the Drug Enforcement Administration's regulation of cannabis under the Controlled Substances Act, transferring its federal regulation from the DEA to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (renaming the ATF the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, Firearms and Explosives); and would authorize the Food and Drug Administration to apply the equivalent regulatory powers it has over alcohol, to cannabis.[99] The act currently has 16 cosponsors - Fifteen Democrats and One Republican - in the House.[100]
LGBT rights[edit]
Polis is currently one of seven openly gay members of the 113th Congress, and caucuses in the LGBT Equality Caucus.
Polis pushed for the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, and praised the Obama Administration's decision for the Justice Department to no longer defend DOMA, saying that "Section 3 of the law is unconstitutional."[101] In a statement Polis said "I applaud the Administration for finally recognizing what my colleagues and I have long criticized, to deny people the ability to officially acknowledge their relationship and feel welcomed as partners only for being LGBT is absurd and today's decision confirms this."[102] Polis has also credited President Obama for openly endorsing gay marriage calling it "welcome news to American families."[103]
Polis is an original cosponsor of H.R. 116, or the Respect for Marriage Act. H.R. 116 repeals DOMA allowing marriage recognition for gay and lesbian couples in the US, the District of Columbia, and US territories.[104]
Polis is the leading sponsor of the Student Non-Discrimination Act with Senator Al Franken (D-MN), who introduced the act in the Senate. SNDA would establish a comprehensive federal non-discrimination prohibition in all public and elementary and secondary schools based on sexual orientation and gender identity, expanding Title IX of the Education Amendments Act to LGBT students.[105] In a statement, Polis said "education is the right of every student" regardless of their actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. "The alarming increase in teen suicides has shown us just how far we are from making our children's schools safe spaces."[106] The SNDA has 167 co-sponsors in the House, with only two Republicans signing on.[107] SNDA is also supported by the ACLU and Change.org.[108]
Polis voted for the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, which prohibited openly gay and lesbian members of the Military from serving.[109] Along with 67 members of the House, in a letter to President Obama, Polis urged for the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. In the letter it cited a California district judge's ruling of the unconstitutionality of DADT, and the 14,000 service members that have been discharged from the military since the passage of DADT.[110]
In a press release on the repeal of DADT Polis said: "The repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell is a victory for the cause of equality and our national defense. For too long, this wrongheaded policy prevented brave Americans from serving in our military and defending our country just because of who they love. It undermined our national security by forcing gays and lesbians out of the military service at a time when America needs the most talented and the bravest protecting us, regardless of their orientation."[111]
Polis is also a supporter and cosponsor of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, giving adequate funding and ability to federal authorities to investigate hate crimes, and has advocated for protections against LGBT victims of domestic violence to be included in the Violence Against Women Act.[112][113]
In September 2014, Polis filed a discharge petition to bring the LGBT Employment Non-Discrimination Act to the floor of the House of Representatives for a proper vote. Representatives Garamenedi, Holt, and Connolly joined Polis in support in filing the petition. The revised legislation includes narrow religious exemptions.[114]
Bitcoin[edit]
Polis vowed to protect Bitcoin in Congress and to fight against any attempts by the government to enact policies that restrict the growth of bitcoin and its burgeoning startup community.[115] In May 2014, Polis became the first U.S. representative to accept campaign donations via Bitcoin.[116]
Energy[edit]
In 2014, Polis sponsored two ballot measures targeting hydraulic fracturing, Initiatives 88 and 89. Polis sought to move fracking from 500 feet (150 m) from people's homes to 2,000 feet (610 m) to improve the quality of life for homeowners in affected areas.[117] On August 4, 2014, Polis announced that he would withdraw his support for the two ballot measures.[118]
Campus rape[edit]
In September 2015, Polis voiced support for altering university disciplinary processes surrounding campus rape to allow for cases to be judged against a reasonable likelihood standard, saying that: "If there are 10 people who have been accused, and under a reasonable likelihood standard maybe one or two did it, it seems better to get rid of all 10 people ... we're not talking about depriving them of life or liberty, we're talking about them being transferred to another university, for crying out loud."[119] After being criticized[120] for these remarks, Polis apologized, saying that: "I went too far by implying that I support expelling innocent students from college campuses, which is something neither I nor other advocates of justice for survivors of sexual assault support".[121]
Kombucha[edit]
Polis has shown interest in the regulatory environment relating to kombucha.[122][123][124]
Personal life[edit]
Polis (center) with his partner, Marlon Reis (left), and First Lady Michelle Obama at the White House
Polis is one of the few people to be openly gay when first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives[125] and the first gay parent in Congress.[126][127][128] Polis and his partner, Marlon Reis, have a son and a daughter.[129] After his win in Colorado's 2018 gubernatorial election, his partner Reis and their children will join him in the governor's mansion, making them the first same-sex first family in the United States.
Polis enjoys video games such as League of Legends, and his favorite champions include Maokai and Anivia.[130] He is Jewish.[131][132]
Electoral history[edit]
U.S. House, 2nd District of Colorado (General Election)[133][134] | ||||||||||||||
| Year | Winning candidate | Party | Pct | Opponent | Party | Pct | Opponent | Party | Pct | Opponent | Party | Pct | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | Jared Polis | Democratic | 62% | Scott Starin | Republican | 33% | J. A. Calhoun | Green | 2% | |||||
2010 | Jared Polis | Democratic | 57% | Stephen Bailey | Republican | 37% | Jenna Goss | Constitution | 2% | |||||
2012 | Jared Polis | Democratic | 55% | Kevin Lundberg | Republican | 38% | Randy Luallin | Libertarian | 3% | Susan P. Hall | Green | 2% | ||
2014 | Jared Polis | Democratic | 56% | George Leing | Republican | 44% | ||||||||
2016 | Jared Polis | Democratic | 57.9% | Nic Morse | Republican | 37.2% | Richard Longstreth | Libertarian | 5.9% | |||||
See also[edit]
- Congressional Progressive Caucus
- Democratic Freedom Caucus
- Libertarian Democrat
- List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
- List of LGBT members of the United States Congress
References[edit]
^ ab "Jared Polis (D-Colo), 2015". OpenSecrets. Center for Responsive Politics. Retrieved November 21, 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
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^ "Caucus Members". Congressional Progressive Caucus. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
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^ "Members". U.S. - Japan Caucus. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
^ "Polis' Summit County land Exchange Bill Passes House". Congressman Jared Polis' Official Website. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
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^ "Polis, Lieberman introduce Race to the Top Education Reform Bill". polis.house.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
^ Tough, Paul (July 7, 2011). "No, Seriously: No Excuses". newyorktimes.com. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ "Reform Effors are on the way and information sharing could be improved". gao.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ "H.R. 5789 – School Lunch Improvements for Children's Education Act". opencongress.org. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ "The SLICE (School Lunch Improvements for Children's Education) Act: Restoring Better Nutrition in School Meals" (PDF). polis.house.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ "Pizza as a vegetable? No, says congressman introducing SLICE Act". latimes.
^ "Polis to Congress: Pizza is not a vegetable". polis.house.gov. May 14, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ "Building the Legacy: IDEA 2004". ed.gov. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
^ "IDEA –Funding Distribution". newamerica.net. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
^ "Polis Special Education Bill Fulfills 40 year old Promise". polis.house.gov. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
^ "S. 1614: Computer Science Education Act of 2011". govtrack.us. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
^ "ACE Act to Reforming Low-Performing Schools". polis.house.gov. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
^ House hearing on college sexual assaults, retrieved September 11, 2015
^ Jared Polis (September 15, 2015). "Jared Polis: Colleges should handle sex assault cases".
^ Ross, Chuck (September 10, 2015). "Dem Congressman: Expel All Students Accused Of Sexual Assault, Even The Innocent Ones [VIDEO]". The Daily Caller. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
^ "'Guilty Until Proven Innocent' Receives Support at Congressional Sex Assault Hearing - FIRE". Retrieved September 11, 2015.
^ "Rep. Jared Polis Thinks Colleges Should Be Able to Expel Students When They're Only 20% Sure a Rape Happened". Retrieved September 11, 2015.
^ "Candidate Q&A: Jared Polis". www.dailycamera.com. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ Polis, Jared (April 9, 2009). "Congressional Visit to Iraq, Part II: Observation on Strategy (My Return to Iraq, 1.5 Years Later)". www.huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "Congressional Visit to Iraq, Part II". www.windycitytimes.com. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "Representative Jared Polis's Political Positions". votesmart.org. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "Boulder Rep. Jared Polis: Withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan". www.dailycamera.com. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "Just Back from Afghanistan". www.huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "Congressional Visit to Afghanistan". Congressional Trip to Afghanistan. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "Jared Polis - Iran". PoliGu.com - The Political Guide.
^ "H R 1327 in Congressional Session 111". www.thepoliticalguide.com. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "LGBT Equality & Civil Rights (Iraqi LGBT Rights)". polis.house.gov. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
^ "Jared Polis on Homeland Security". ontheissues.org. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "February 10, 2011 Congressional Record House" (PDF). www.gpo.gov. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 36". clerk.house.gov. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "Bill Text Versions 112th Congress (2011-2012) H.R.514". Thomas.loc.gov. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ Kain, Erik (January 18, 2012). "An Interview With Rep. Jared Polis: Why We Need To Stop SOPA". forbes.com. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "Protecting an Open Internet by Fighting SOPA". youtube.com. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "How CISPA would affect you (faq)". news.cnet.com. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 192". clerk.house.gov. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "Lawmakers slam DOJ prosecution of Swartz as 'ridiculous, absurd'". thehill.com. January 15, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
^ "Aaron's Law: Violating a Site's Terms of Service Should Not Land You in Jail". theatlantic.com. January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
^ "113th Congress 1st Session H.R. l" (PDF). lofgren.house.gov. January 15, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
^ "Aaron Swartz's Suicide Triggers Response from Top U.S. Lawmakers". time.com. January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
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^ "H.R. 1540: National Defense Authorization Act for ... (On Passage of the Bill)". govtrack.us. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "H Amdt 1127 – Repeals Indefinite Military Detention Provisions – Key Vote". votesmart.org. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ Brian Montopoli; CBS News (April 6, 2011). "Rep. Jared Polis: Federal government shouldn't be banning marijuana". cbsnews.com.
^ Hao Li; International Business Times (June 23, 2012). "DEA Chief Michele Leonhart's Drug Stance Sparks Outrage, Contradicts DEA Info". ibtimes.com.
^ William Bergstrom; Politico (June 21, 2013). "DEA chief deflects pols' pot questions". politico.com.
^ United States Government Printing Office (June 20, 2012). "Drug Enforcement Administration Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives One Hundred Twelfth Congress Second Session June 20, 2012". gpo.gov.
^ Tom Dickinson; Rolling Stone (February 6, 2012). "Legalization Hits the Hill: New bills in Congress would take Colorado's tax-and-regulate model for pot nationwide". rollingstone.com.
^ "H.R.499 - Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2013". congress.gov. February 5, 2013.
^ "Cosponsors: H.R.499 — 113th Congress (2013-2014)". congress.gov. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
^ "President Obama Instructs Justice Department to Stop Defending Defense of Marriage Act cal Clinton-Signed Law "Unconstitutional"". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
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^ "Jared Polis: Obama Support For Gay Marriage 'Welcome News'". livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "Bill Summary & Status 112th Congress (2011-2012) H.R. 116 Cosponsors". thomas.loc.gov. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
^ "Historic Support for Non-Discrimination Act". aclu.org. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
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^ Federal Regulators Approve Bitcoin for Political Campaign Donations - NBC News, November 26, 2014
^ Newton-Small, Jay (July 14, 2014). TIME http://time.com/2979590/friendly-fire-over-colorado-fracking-could-cost-democrats-the-u-s-senate/. Retrieved November 7, 2018. Missing or empty|title=(help)
^ Newton-Small, Jay (August 4, 2014). "Democrat Jared Polis Withdraws Support for Colorado Fracking Initiatives". Time. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
^ "Better that five innocent students get expelled than one guilty student stay enrolled - The Washington Post". Retrieved September 29, 2017.
^ "Polis sparks controversy with remarks about campus rape cases". Retrieved September 29, 2017.
^ http://www.washingtontimes.com, The Washington Times. "Jared Polis: 'I went too far' with campus rape remarks". Retrieved September 29, 2017.
^
Hamblin, James
Is Fermented Tea Making People Feel Enlightened Because of ... Alcohol?
The Atlantic
2016 Dec 8
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/12/the-promises-of-kombucha/509786/
^
http://polis.house.gov/uploadedfiles/ttb_polis_letter_9-14.pdf
^
Nicolas Pollock, James Hamblin, Jeremy Raff
The Kombucha Freedom Warrior
If Our Bodies Could Talk section of The Atlantic
https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/509909/the-fight-to-legalize-kombucha/
^ Phillips, Kate (January 6, 2009). "New Voices in Congress Will Change the Tone of the Democratic Majority". The New York Times. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
^ Terkel, Amanda (September 30, 2011). "Jared Polis Announces Birth Of Son, Becoming First Openly Gay Parent In Congress". Huffington Post. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
^ Parkinson, John. "House Democrat Jared Polis Becomes First Openly Gay Parent in Congress". ABC News. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
^ 'Gay congressman announces birth of new son', in Forbes, 09.30.11 [1]
^ Bartells, Lynn (July 4, 2014). "Congressman Polis announces baby girl has joined family". Denver Post. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
^ Augustine, Josh (January 11, 2012). "U.S. Congressman joins League of Legends developer in urging fans to oppose SOPA/PIPA". pcgamer. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
^ "Three New Jewish Members of Congress". The Jewish Federations. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
^ "Jared Polis: Community Congressman - League of Legends". na.leagueoflegends.com. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
^ "Official Publication of the Abstract of Votes Cast for the 2008 Primary and 2008 General" (PDF). Secretary of State of Colorado. August 14, 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2009.
^ "Official Publication of the Abstract of Votes Cast for the 2008 Primary and 2010 General" (PDF).
External links[edit]
 | Wikisource has original text related to this article: Author:Jared Schutz Polis |
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jared Polis. |
 | Wikiquote has quotations related to: Jared Polis |
Congressman Jared Polis official US House website
Jared Polis for Colorado official campaign website
Jared Polis at Curlie
Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Profile at Vote Smart
Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Jared Polis Foundation
- The Fearless Campaign
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| Preceded by Ben Alexander | Member of the Colorado State Board of Education from the at-large district 2001–2007 | Seat abolished |
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