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Tubular bells

Chimes/tubular bells (by Yamaha)
Percussion instrument
Other names	Chimes
Classification	idiophone
Hornbostel–Sachs classification	111.232 (Sets of percussion tubes)
Playing range
C4–F5 standard; extended range can include C4–G5, bass F3–B3, but can vary
Builders
Deagan, Adams, Yamaha, Jenco, Premier Percussion

Adams Bass Chimes, range F₃–B₃

Tubular bells (also known as chimes) are musical instruments in the percussion family.^[1] Their sound resembles that of church bells, carillon, or a bell tower; the original tubular bells were made to duplicate the sound of church bells within an ensemble.^[2] Each bell is a metal tube, 30–38 mm (1 ¹⁄₄–1 ¹⁄₂ in) in diameter, tuned by altering its length. Its standard range is C₄–F₅, though many professional instruments reach G₅. Tubular bells are often replaced by studio chimes, which are a smaller and usually less expensive instrument. Studio chimes are similar in appearance to tubular bells, but each bell has a smaller diameter than the corresponding bell on tubular bells.

Tubular bells are sometimes struck on the top edge of the tube with a rawhide- or plastic-headed hammer. Often, a sustain pedal will be attached to allow extended ringing of the bells. They can also be bowed at the bottom of the tube to produce a very loud, very high-pitched overtone.

The tubes used provide a purer tone than solid cylindrical chimes, such as those on a mark tree.

Chimes are often used in concert band pieces (e.g. "Eiger" by James Swearingen^{[citation needed]}). It rarely plays melody, instead being used most often as a color to add to the ensemble sound. It does have solos occasionally, often depicting church bells.^[2]

Play (help·info)

In tubular bells, modes 4, 5, and 6 appear to determine the strike tone and have frequencies in the ratios 9²:11²:13², or 81:121:169, "which are close enough to the ratios 2:3:4 for the ear to consider them nearly harmonic and to use them as a basis for establishing a virtual pitch".^[3] The perceived "strike pitch" is thus an octave below the fourth mode (i.e., the missing "1" in the above series).

In popular music[edit]

Multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield has used tubular bells on many of his studio albums, most notably Tubular Bells (1973), Tubular Bells II (1992) and Tubular Bells III (1998). He has also used them on most of his other albums such as Hergest Ridge (1974), Ommadawn (1975), Incantations (1978), Crises (1983), Islands (1989) and Amarok (1990).

Pink Floyd used tubular bells on The Dark Side of the Moon (1973) on the song "Brain Damage" but are rendered almost inaudible on the original stereo mix and quadrophonic mix. The band's keyboardist, Rick Wright pointed out that he had forgotten that they were on there until he heard them in the 5.1 surround mix for the 2003 SACD 30th anniversary edition of the album, which has since been released on DVD and Blu-ray.

Less notably, tubular bells appeared as part of the fascist rally in a scene from the movie adaptation of Pink Floyd's The Wall (album). They serve to emphasize the delusional Pink's (played by Bob Geldof) inflammatory cries for the beginnings of an ethnic cleansing.

Percussionist Carl Palmer used tubular bells on Emerson, Lake & Palmer's Brain Salad Surgery tour featuring them on the song, "Toccata" as well as during his solo.

Culture Club guitarist Roy Hay used tubular bells on the song "Time (Clock of the Heart)".

The Flaming Lips' 2002 track "Do You Realize??" features tubular bells.

Film composer James Horner took advantage of the heraldic quality of tubular bells in his score for the Civil War film Glory.

The animated television series Futurama's theme is played on tubular bells.

The "funding for this program provided by..." rider that followed the end credits of the children's television show Sesame Street in the 1970-80s also prominently featured tubular bells. The tune, by Sesame Street music director Joe Raposo, is sometimes referred to as "Funky Chimes".

The Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 recording "Disarm" uses tubular bells to create a haunting mood.^{[citation needed]}

Tracey Ullman's 1983 cover of Kirsty MacColl's "They Don't Know" features tubular bells in a celebratory manner, reminiscent of wedding bells.

Rush drummer Neil Peart used tubular bells on the songs "Xanadu" and "Closer to the Heart". He has also used them on concert tours, as heard on the live album Exit...Stage Left and seen on the accompanying video release. On later tours, Peart replaced the tubular bells with a more compact MIDI controller modeled on a marimba, allowing him to reproduce a wide variety of percussion sounds. However, on the band's recent R40 tour, the second set featured a retro 1970's-style kit complete with tubular bells, used on the songs "Jacob's Ladder", "Closer to the Heart" and "Xanadu".

The award ceremony scene from the game Mario Kart Wii has some tubular bell phrases played on its theme music.

Other uses[edit]

Tubular bells can be used as church bells, such as at St. Alban's Anglican Church in Copenhagen, Denmark.^[4] These were donated by HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.

Tubular bells are also used in longcase clocks, particularly because they produce a louder sound than gongs and regular chime-rods and therefore could be heard more easily.

Passages in classical music[edit]

Chimes/tubular bells

• 
  Hector Berlioz – Symphonie Fantastique (1830)


• 
  Giuseppe Verdi – Rigoletto (1851)


• Giuseppe Verdi – Il trovatore (1853)


• Giuseppe Verdi – Un ballo in maschera (1859)


• 
  Modest Mussorgsky – Boris Godunov (1869, 1872, 1874)


• 
  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – 1812 Overture (1880)


• 
  Pietro Mascagni – Cavalleria rusticana (1890)


• 
  Ruggero Leoncavallo – The Bajazzo (1892)


• 
  Gustav Mahler – Symphony No. 2 (1895)


• 
  Giacomo Puccini – Tosca (1900)


• 
  Alexander Scriabin – Le Poème de l'extase (1908)


• 
  Anton Webern – Six Pieces for large orchestra (1909–10, revised 1928)


• 
  Claude Debussy – Ibéria (1910)


• 
  Gustav Holst – The Planets (1914–16)


• Giacomo Puccini – Turandot (1926)


• 
  Edgard Varèse – Ionisation (1931)


• 
  Richard Strauss – Die schweigsame Frau (1935)


• 
  Paul Hindemith – Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber (1944)


• 
  Benjamin Britten – Albert Herring (1945)


• 
  Aaron Copland – Symphony No. 3 (1946)


• 
  Olivier Messiaen – Turangalîla-symphonie (1946–48)


• 
  Carl Orff – Antigonae (1949)


• 
  Dmitri Shostakovich – Symphony No. 11 (1957)


• Olivier Messiaen – Chronochromie (1959–60)

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• 
  Information about tubular bells – Vienna Symphonic Library