• interleukin-1 Type I receptor antagonist activity • interleukin-1, Type II receptor binding • protein binding • interleukin-1, Type I receptor binding • interleukin-1 Type II receptor antagonist activity • interleukin-1 receptor binding • cytokine activity • interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity
Cellular component
• cytoplasm • vesicle • plasma membrane • intracellular • extracellular region • extracellular exosome • extracellular space
Biological process
• negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway • lipid metabolic process • response to glucocorticoid • insulin secretion • acute-phase response • negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion • negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • inflammatory response • immune response • fever generation • regulation of receptor activity
The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RN gene.[5][6]
IL-1RA was initially called the IL-1 inhibitor and was discovered separately in 1984 by two independent laboratories.[7] IL-1RA is an agent that binds non-productively to the cell surface interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), the same receptor that binds interleukin 1 (IL-1), preventing IL-1 from sending a signal to that cell.
Contents
1Function
2Clinical significance
2.1Use in horses
3References
4Further reading
5External links
Function
IL-1RA is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. IL1Ra is secreted by various types of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and adipocytes, and is a natural inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory effect of IL1β.[8] This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. This gene and five other closely related cytokine genes form a gene cluster spanning approximately 400 kb on chromosome 2. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.[9]
Clinical significance
A polymorphism of this gene is reported to be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures[10] and gastric cancer.[11]
Mutations in the IL1RN gene results in a rare disease called deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist (DIRA).[12] Variants of the IL1RN gene is also associated with risk of schizophrenia.[13][14] Elevated levels of IL1RN has been found in serum of schizophrenia patients.[15]
A recombinant, slightly modified version of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist called anakinra is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease in which IL-1 plays a key role.[16] Anakinra differs from native human IL-1Ra in that it has the addition of a single methionine residue at its amino terminus [17]
Use in horses
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist is used in horses for the treatment of equine lameness secondary to joint and soft-tissue injury.
References
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136689 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026981 - Ensembl, May 2017
^Steinkasserer A, Spurr NK, Cox S, Jeggo P, Sim RB (July 1992). "The human IL-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) maps to chromosome 2q14-q21, in the region of the IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta loci". Genomics. 13 (3): 654–7. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90137-H. PMID 1386337.
^Patterson D, Jones C, Hart I, Bleskan J, Berger R, Geyer D, Eisenberg SP, Smith MF, Arend WP (January 1993). "The human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) gene is located in the chromosome 2q14 region". Genomics. 15 (1): 173–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1025. PMID 8432529.
^Dinarello CA (December 1994). "The interleukin-1 family: 10 years of discovery". FASEB J. 8 (15): 1314–25. PMID 8001745.
^Perrier S, Darakhshan F, Hajduch E (November 2006). "IL-1 receptor antagonist in metabolic diseases: Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde?". FEBS Lett. 580 (27): 6289–94. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.10.061. PMID 17097645.
^Langdahl BL, Løkke E, Carstens M, Stenkjaer LL, Eriksen EF (March 2000). "Osteoporotic fractures are associated with an 86-base pair repeat polymorphism in the interleukin-1--receptor antagonist gene but not with polymorphisms in the interleukin-1beta gene". J. Bone Miner. Res. 15 (3): 402–14. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.3.402. PMID 10750554.
^El-Omar EM, Carrington M, Chow WH, McColl KE, Bream JH, Young HA, Herrera J, Lissowska J, Yuan CC, Rothman N, Lanyon G, Martin M, Fraumeni JF, Rabkin CS (March 2000). "Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer". Nature. 404 (6776): 398–402. doi:10.1038/35006081. PMID 10746728.
^Aksentijevich I, Masters SL, Ferguson PJ, Dancey P, Frenkel J, van Royen-Kerkhoff A, Laxer R, Tedgård U, Cowen EW, Pham TH, Booty M, Estes JD, Sandler NG, Plass N, Stone DL, Turner ML, Hill S, Butman JA, Schneider R, Babyn P, El-Shanti HI, Pope E, Barron K, Bing X, Laurence A, Lee CC, Chapelle D, Clarke GI, Ohson K, Nicholson M, Gadina M, Yang B, Korman BD, Gregersen PK, van Hagen PM, Hak AE, Huizing M, Rahman P, Douek DC, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Goldbach-Mansky R (June 2009). "An Autoinflammatory Disease with Deficiency of the Interleukin-1–Receptor Antagonist". N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (23): 2426–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0807865. PMC 2876877. PMID 19494218.
^Kim SJ, Lee HJ, Koo HG, Kim JW, Song JY, Kim MK, Shin DH, Jin SY, Hong MS, Park HJ, Yoon SH, Park HK, Chung JH (September 2004). "Impact of IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder". Psychiatr. Genet. 14 (3): 165–7. doi:10.1097/00041444-200409000-00009. PMID 15318032.
^Zanardini R, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Tura GB, Rossi G, Perez J, Gennarelli M (2003). "Association between IL-1beta -511C/T and IL-1RA (86bp)n repeats polymorphisms and schizophrenia". J Psychiatr Res. 37 (6): 457–62. doi:10.1016/S0022-3956(03)00072-4. PMID 14563376.
^Hope S, Melle I, Aukrust P, Steen NE, Birkenaes AB, Lorentzen S, Agartz I, Ueland T, Andreassen OA (November 2009). "Similar immune profile in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: selective increase in soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I and von Willebrand factor". Bipolar Disord. 11 (7): 726–34. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00757.x. PMID 19839997.
^Mertens M, Singh JA (January 2009). "Anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD005121. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005121.pub3. PMID 19160248.
^"Kineret (anakinra) injection, for subcutaneous use" (PDF). Swedish Orphan Biovitrum.
Arend WP, Malyak M, Guthridge CJ, Gabay C (1998). "Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: role in biology". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16: 27–55. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.27. PMID 9597123.
Adcock IM, Ito K (2000). "Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid actions". Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 55 (3): 256–66. PMID 10948677.
Arend WP (2003). "The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (4–5): 323–40. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00020-5. PMID 12220547.
Sehouli J, Mustea A, Könsgen D, et al. (2003). "Polymorphism of IL-1 receptor antagonist gene: role in cancer". Anticancer Res. 22 (6A): 3421–4. PMID 12530098.
Kamangar F, Cheng C, Abnet CC, Rabkin CS (2007). "Interleukin-1B polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk--a meta-analysis". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15 (10): 1920–8. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0267. PMID 17035400.
External links
Interleukin+1+Receptor+Antagonist+Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
v
t
e
PDB gallery
1ilr: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
1ira: COMPLEX OF THE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR WITH THE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL1RA)
1irp: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN
v
t
e
Cell signaling: cytokines
By family
Chemokine
CCL
CCL1
CCL2/MCP1
CCL3/MIP1α
CCL4/MIP1β
CCL5/RANTES
CCL6
CCL7
CCL8
CCL9
CCL11
CCL12
CCL13
CCL14
CCL15
CCL16
CCL17
CCL18/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4
CCL19
CCL20
CCL21
CCL22
CCL23
CCL24
CCL25
CCL26
CCL27
CCL28
CXCL
CXCL1/KC
CXCL2
CXCL3
CXCL4
CXCL5
CXCL6
CXCL7
CXCL8/IL8
CXCL9
CXCL10
CXCL11
CXCL12
CXCL13
CXCL14
CXCL15
CXCL16
CXCL17
CX3CL
CX3CL1
XCL
XCL1
XCL2
TNF
TNFA
Lymphotoxin
TNFB/LTA
TNFC/LTB
TNFSF4
TNFSF5/CD40LG
TNFSF6
TNFSF7
TNFSF8
TNFSF9
TNFSF10
TNFSF11
TNFSF13
TNFSF13B
EDA
Interleukin
Type I (grouped by receptor subunit)
γ chain
IL2/IL15
IL4/IL13
IL7
IL9
IL21
β chain
IL3
IL5
GMCSF
IL6 like/gp130
IL6
IL11
IL27
IL30
IL31
+non IL OSM
LIF
CNTF
CTF1
IL12 family/IL12RB1
IL12
IL23
IL27
IL35
Other
IL14
IL16
IL32
IL34
Type II
IL10 family
IL10/IL22
IL19
IL20
IL24
IL26
Interferon type III
IL28/IFNL2+3
IL29/IFNL1
Interferon
I
IFNA1
IFNA2
IFNA4
IFNA5
IFNA6
IFNA7
IFNA8
IFNA10
IFNA13
IFNA14
IFNA16
IFNA17
IFNA21
IFNB1
IFNK
IFNW1
II
IFNG
Ig superfamily
IL1 family: IL1A/IL1F1
IL1B/IL1F2
1Ra/IL1F3
IL1F5
IL1F6
IL1F7
IL1F8
IL1F9
IL1F10
33/IL1F11
18/IL1G
IL17 family
IL17/IL25 (IL17A)
Other
Hematopoietic
KITLG
Colony-stimulating factor
SPP1
MIF
By function/ cell
proinflammatory cytokine
IL1
TNFA
Monokine
Lymphokine
Th1
IFNγ
TNFβ
Th2
IL4
IL5
IL6
IL10
IL13
v
t
e
Interleukin receptor modulators
IL-1
Agonists: Interleukin 1 (α, β)
Mobenakin
Pifonakin
Antagonists: AF-12198
Anakinra
IL-1RA
Isunakinra
Antibodies: Canakinumab
Gevokizumab
Lutikizumab
Decoy receptors: Rilonacept (IL-1 Trap)
IL-2
Agonists: Adargileukin alfa
Aldesleukin
Celmoleukin
Denileukin diftitox
Interleukin 2
Pegaldesleukin
Teceleukin
Tucotuzumab celmoleukin
Antibodies: Basiliximab
Daclizumab (dacliximab)
Inolimomab
IL-3
Agonists: Daniplestim
Interleukin 3
Leridistim
Milodistim
Muplestim
Promegapoietin
IL-4
Agonists: Binetrakin
Interleukin 4
Interleukin 13
Antagonists: Pitrakinra
Antibodies: Dupilumab
Pascolizumab
IL-5
Agonists: Interleukin 5
Antagonists: YM-90709
Antibodies: Benralizumab
Mepolizumab
Reslizumab
Antisense oligonucleotides: TPI ASM8
IL-6
Agonists: Atexakin alfa
Interleukin 6
Antibodies: ARGX-109
Clazakizumab
Elsilimomab
mAb 1339
Olokizumab
Sarilumab
Siltuximab
Sirukumab
Tocilizumab
IL-7
Agonists: Interleukin 7
IL-8
See CXCR1 (IL-8Rα) and CXCR2 (IL-8Rβ) here instead.
Florida Star v. B. J. F. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search United States Supreme Court case Florida Star v. B. J. F. Supreme Court of the United States Argued March 21, 1989 Decided June 21, 1989 Full case name The Florida Star v. B. J. F. Citations 491 U.S. 524 ( more ) 109 S. Ct. 2603; 105 L. Ed. 2d 443; 1989 U.S. LEXIS 3120; 57 U.S.L.W. 4816; 16 Media L. Rep. 1801 Prior history The Florida Star v. B.J.F., 530 So.2d 286 (1988) Supreme Court of Florida; Florida Star v. B.J.F., 499 So.2d 883 (1986) Fla. Dist. Court of Appeals Holding Florida Stat. § 794.03 is unconstitutional to the extent it makes the truthful reporting of information that was a matter of public record unlawful, as it violates the First Amendment. Court membership Chief Justice William Rehnquist Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. · Byron White Thurgood Marshall · Harry Blac...
Danny Elfman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Danny Elfman Elfman at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con Born Daniel Robert Elfman ( 1953-05-29 ) May 29, 1953 (age 65) Los Angeles, California, U.S. Spouse(s) Bridget Fonda ( m. 2003) Children 1 Musical career Genres Rock [1] ska [2] new wave film music video game music Occupation(s) Composer, singer, songwriter, record producer Instruments Trombone guitar percussion vocals keyboards [3] Years active 1972–present Associated acts Oingo Boingo James Newton Howard Daniel Robert Elfman (born May 29, 1953) is an American composer, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Elfman first became known for being the lead singer and songwriter for the band Oingo Boingo from 1974 to 1995. He is well known for scoring films and television shows, particularly his frequent collabora...
Unincorporated community in Oklahoma, United States Lugert, Oklahoma Unincorporated community Foundations from the town of Lugert at the bottom of Lake Altus-Lugert Lugert, Oklahoma Location within the state of Oklahoma Coordinates: 34°53′45″N 99°16′31″W / 34.89583°N 99.27528°W / 34.89583; -99.27528 Coordinates: 34°53′45″N 99°16′31″W / 34.89583°N 99.27528°W / 34.89583; -99.27528 Country United States State Oklahoma County Kiowa Time zone UTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST) UTC-5 (CDT) GNIS feature ID 1100597 Lugert is an unincorporated community in Kiowa County, Oklahoma. [1] The town of Lugert was founded in 1901 on 80 acres (320,000 m 2 ). In the town, there was a general store that housed the Post office and sold dry goods, school supplies, groceries, harnesses, axes and much more. It was named for Frank Lugert, who had moved to the area in 1898. Lugert owned land where the town was sited and also owned the general st...