Injury




This article is about physical injuries to biological organisms. It is not to be confused with Major trauma.

For the legal sense of the term, see Legal injury.













Injury
Xraymachine.JPG
The knee of a person is examined with the help of radiography after an injury.
Specialty
Emergency medicine, Traumatology Edit this on Wikidata

Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external force.[1] This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes.[1]Major trauma is injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death.


In 2013, 4.8 million people world-wide died from injuries, up from 4.3 million in 1990.[2] More than 30% of these deaths were transport-related injuries.[2] In 2013, 367,000 children under the age of five died from injuries, down from 766,000 in 1990.[2] Injuries are the cause of 9% of all deaths, and are the sixth-leading cause of death in the world.[3][4]




Contents






  • 1 Classification


    • 1.1 By cause


    • 1.2 By modality


    • 1.3 By location


    • 1.4 By activity


    • 1.5 Injury severity score




  • 2 See also


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links





Classification




Deaths from injuries per million persons in 2012 .mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}


  203-358


  359-428


  429-483


  484-559


  560-637


  638-716


  717-817


  818-939


  940-1,140


  1,141-2,961






Deaths from intentional injuries per million persons in 2012


  14-65


  66-89


  90-114


  115-137


  138-171


  172-193


  194-226


  227-291


  292-379


  380-2,730




The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI). Under this system, injuries are classified by:



  • mechanism of injury;

  • objects/substances producing injury;

  • place of occurrence;

  • activity when injured;

  • the role of human intent;


and additional modules. These codes allow the identification of distributions of injuries in specific populations and case identification for more detailed research on causes and preventive efforts.[5][6]


The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics developed the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS). Under this system injuries are classified by



  • nature,

  • part of body affected,

  • source and secondary source, and

  • event or exposure.


The OIICS was first published in 1992 and has been updated several times since.[7]


The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) is used to classify injuries to enable research into specific sports injuries.[8]



By cause



  • Intentional injury


    • Suicide and self-harm


    • Violence and war




  • Accidents

    • Stingray injury

    • Lightning injuries





By modality



  • Traumatic injury, a body wound or shock produced by sudden physical collision or movement[9]

    • Avulsion injury

    • Blast injury

    • Bone fracture

    • Internal bleeding

    • Crush injury

    • Needlestick injury

    • Catastrophic injury




  • Repetitive strain injury or other strain injury

  • Other injuries from external physical causes, such as radiation poisoning, burn, or frostbite

    • Radiation-induced lung injury

    • Microwave burn



  • Injury from toxin or as adverse effect of a pharmaceutical drug
    • Toxic injury


  • Injury from internal causes such as reperfusion injury



By location




  • Wound, an injury in which skin is torn, cut or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin.


  • Brain injury

    • Acquired brain injury

    • Coup contrecoup injury

    • Diffuse axonal injury

    • Frontal lobe injury




  • Nerve injury

    • Spinal cord injury

    • Brachial plexus injury

    • Peripheral nerve injury

    • Sciatic nerve injury

    • Injury of axillary nerve




  • Soft tissue injury
    • Penile strangulation



  • Cell damage, including direct DNA damage

  • Lisfranc injury

  • Tracheobronchial injury


  • Eye injury

    • Chemical eye injury

    • Eye injuries during general anaesthesia



  • Acute kidney injury


  • Knee injury

    • Anterior cruciate ligament injury

    • Medial knee injuries



  • Back injury

  • Hand injury

  • Liver injury


  • Head injury

    • Penetrating head injury

    • Closed head injury




  • Musculoskeletal injury
    • Articular cartilage injuries


  • Acute lung injury

  • Pancreatic injury

  • Thoracic aorta injury

  • Biliary injury

  • Chest injury

  • Asphyxia



By activity



  • Reverse bite injury

  • Lead climbing injuries

  • Occupational injury

  • Ventilator-associated lung injury

  • Sea urchin injury

  • Transfusion-related acute lung injury

  • Illness and injuries during spaceflight



Injury severity score


The injury severity score (ISS) is a medical score to assess trauma severity.[10][11] It correlates with mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization time after trauma. It is used to define the term major trauma (polytrauma), recognized when the ISS is greater than 15.[11] The AIS Committee of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine designed and updates the scale.



See also



  • List of causes of death by rate

  • first aid



References





  1. ^ ab "Wounds and Injuries: MedlinePlus". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-07-20..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abc GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.


  3. ^ "The top 10 causes of death". Retrieved 24 May 2015.


  4. ^ Stein DM, Santucci RA (July 2015). "An update on urotrauma". Current Opinion in Urology. 25 (4): 323–30. doi:10.1097/MOU.0000000000000184. PMID 26049876.


  5. ^ "International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI)". World Health Organization. Retrieved 2014-03-24.


  6. ^ Robertson, LS (2015) Injury Epidemiology: Fourth Edition. Free online at www.nanlee.net


  7. ^ "Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2014-03-24.


  8. ^ Rae, K; Orchard, J (May 2007). "The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) version 10". Clin J Sport Med. 17 (3): 201–04. doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e318059b536. PMID 17513912.


  9. ^ "Trauma". Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, LLC. 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-31.


  10. ^ Baker SP, O'Neill B, Haddon W, Long WB (1974). "The Injury Severity Score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care". The Journal of Trauma. 14 (3): 187–96. doi:10.1097/00005373-197403000-00001. PMID 4814394.


  11. ^ ab Copes, W.S.; H.R. Champion; W.J. Sacco; M.M. Lawnick; S.L. Keast; L.W. Bain (1988). "The Injury Severity Score revisited". The Journal of Trauma. 28 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1097/00005373-198801000-00010. PMID 3123707.




External links





Classification
D



  • ICD-10: S00-T88


  • ICD-9-CM: 800-999











  • International Trauma Conferences (registered trauma charity providing trauma education for medical professionals worldwide)


  • Trauma.org (trauma resources for medical professionals)


  • Emergency Medicine Research and Perspectives (emergency medicine procedure videos)

  • American Trauma Society

  • Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine













-

Popular posts from this blog

Florida Star v. B. J. F.

Image
Florida Star v. B. J. F. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search United States Supreme Court case Florida Star v. B. J. F. Supreme Court of the United States Argued March 21, 1989 Decided June 21, 1989 Full case name The Florida Star v. B. J. F. Citations 491 U.S. 524 ( more ) 109 S. Ct. 2603; 105 L. Ed. 2d 443; 1989 U.S. LEXIS 3120; 57 U.S.L.W. 4816; 16 Media L. Rep. 1801 Prior history The Florida Star v. B.J.F., 530 So.2d 286 (1988) Supreme Court of Florida; Florida Star v. B.J.F., 499 So.2d 883 (1986) Fla. Dist. Court of Appeals Holding Florida Stat. § 794.03 is unconstitutional to the extent it makes the truthful reporting of information that was a matter of public record unlawful, as it violates the First Amendment. Court membership Chief Justice William Rehnquist Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr.  · Byron White Thurgood Marshall  · Harry Blac
Read more

Error while running script in elastic search , gateway timeout

Image
0 while running script in elastic search, I got 504 Gateway timeout error. { "query": { "bool": { "filter": { "script": { "script": " doc['creted_date'].date.getMonthOfYear() == 12 " } } } }, "aggs": { "test": { "date_histogram": { "field": "creted_date", "interval": "month", "format": "MMM" }, "aggs": { "cost": { "sum": { "field": "cost" } } }
Read more

Adding quotations to stringified JSON object values

Image
0 My stringified object data doesn't include quotation marks around object values, which errors when attempting JSON.parse() : '{ "affiliation": CORPORATE, "userId": 75c35d1c-5d12-4485-8fa8-b2f1551a3e6e }' I need the string to be: '{ "affiliation": "CORPORATE", "userId": "75c35d1c-5d12-4485-8fa8-b2f1551a3e6e" }' I'm using this regex to add quotes to the object keys: var newStr = str.replace(/(['"])?([a-z0-9A-Z_]+)(['"])?:/g, '"$2": '); For instance: '{ affiliation: CORPORATE }' to '{ "affiliation": CORPORATE }' There are only string values in my data, so I don't need to check value types. How can I alter my regex expression to add quotations to
Read more