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Carbon County, Wyoming
Carbon County Courthouse in Rawlins
Flag
Location in the U.S. state of Wyoming
Wyoming's location in the U.S.
Founded	1868
Named for	Coal deposits
Seat	Rawlins
Largest city	Rawlins
Area
• Total	7,964 sq mi (20,627 km2)
• Land	7,898 sq mi (20,456 km2)
• Water	66 sq mi (171 km2), 0.8%
Population (est.)
• (2016)	15,618
• Density	2.0/sq mi (0.8/km2)
Congressional district	At-large
Time zone	Mountain: UTC−7/−6
Website	www.carbonwy.com

George Ferris Mansion, Rawlins

Pick Bridge over the North Platte River, near Saratoga. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Canoers on the North Platte River, Northgate Canyon

Carbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,885.^[1] Its county seat is Rawlins.^[2] It is north from the Colorado state line.

History

Carbon County was organized in 1868.

Originally about 3,400 square miles (8,800 km²) in the center of Carbon County were once part of the Spanish Empire, then part of the Republic of Texas (1835-1845) and part of the State of Texas until 1852 when the northernmost part of that state was ceded to the U.S. government. This area is defined by the 42nd parallel on the north, and straight lines south from there to the headwaters of the Arkansas river on the east and the headwaters of the Rio Grande on the west. The documents defining that area include the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, the 1824 Constitution of Mexico, and the 1845 "Joint Resolution for the Admission of the State of Texas into the Union".

Carbon County was organized December 16, 1868, from Laramie County in Dakota Territory, which at the time had jurisdiction over part of modern-day Wyoming.^[3] It became a county in Wyoming Territory when that territory's government was formally organized on May 19, 1869.^[4][5]

In 1868, the Union Pacific Railroad opened the first coal mine in Carbon County, and the county was named for its extensive coal deposits.^[6] In 1875, Carbon County lost territory when Johnson County was created by the legislature of the Wyoming Territory. Natrona County was created with land ceded by Carbon County in 1888. The boundaries of the county were final at that time except for minor adjustments in 1911.

From 1978-1982, Carbon County was represented in the Wyoming House of Representatives by Democrat Thomas E. Trowbridge (1930-2009) of Saratoga, a Nebraska native. From 1982-1986, Trowbridge was a member of the Wyoming State Senate. He was later appointed by Governor Mike Sullivan to the Wyoming State Board of Equalization. Trowbridge's father, Elton Trowbridge, held the state House seat from Carbon County from 1961 until his death in office in 1974.

George R. Salisbury, Jr., a rancher from Savery, represented Carbon County in the Wyoming House from 1975-1986. He was succeeded in office by his son-in-law and fellow Democrat, Patrick F. O'Toole, also a Savery rancher.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 7,964 square miles (20,630 km²), of which 7,898 square miles (20,460 km²) is land and 66 square miles (170 km²) (2.0%) is water.^[7] It is the third-largest county in Wyoming by area.

Major highways

• 
  Interstate 80
  


• 
  U.S. Highway 30
  


• 
  U.S. Highway 287
  

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

• 
  Medicine Bow National Forest (part)


• 
  Pathfinder National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Demographics

2000 census

As of the census^[11] of 2000, there were 15,639 people, 6,129 households, and 4,130 families residing in the county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (1/km²). There were 8,307 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 90.11% White, 0.67% African-American or Black, 1.27% Indigenous American, 0.67% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 5.17% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. 13.83% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20.1% were of German, 11.8% English, 10.0% Irish and 8.9% American ancestry.

There were 6,129 households out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.10% were married couples living together, 8.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.60% were non-families. Of 6,129 households, 364 were unmarried partner households: 318 heterosexual, 41 same-sex male, and 5 same-sex female.

27.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the county, the population was spread out with 24.10% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 28.40% from 25 to 44, 26.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 115.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,060, and the median income for a family was $41,991. Males had a median income of $31,603 versus $21,451 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,375. About 9.80% of families and 12.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.60% of those under age 18 and 14.80% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 15,885 people, 6,388 households, and 4,109 families residing in the county.^[12] The population density was 2.0 inhabitants per square mile (0.77/km²). There were 8,576 housing units at an average density of 1.1 per square mile (0.42/km²).^[13] The racial makeup of the county was 88.8% white, 1.0% American Indian, 0.7% black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 6.5% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 16.8% of the population.^[12] In terms of ancestry, 26.0% were German, 15.8% were English, 14.4% were Irish, 5.6% were Scottish, and 4.8% were American.^[14]

Of the 6,388 households, 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.7% were non-families, and 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.91. The median age was 38.9 years.^[12]

The median income for a household in the county was $56,565 and the median income for a family was $65,171. Males had a median income of $51,201 versus $32,603 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,122. About 5.6% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.^[15]

Government and infrastructure

During the twentieth century, owing to its considerable unionized mining population, Carbon County tended to be much more Democratic than the rest of powerfully Republican Wyoming. It was one of three Wyoming counties to vote for John F. Kennedy in 1960 and one of two to vote for Hubert Humphrey in 1968, whilst Dwight D. Eisenhower only won the county narrowly in his two landslide Presidential wins. The Democratic Party’s hostility towards the coal industry, however, has made the county nearly as Republican as the rest of Wyoming in the twenty-first century.

The Wyoming State Penitentiary, operated by the Wyoming Department of Corrections, is located in Rawlins.^[17] The facility was operated by the Wyoming Board of Charities and Reform until that agency was dissolved as a result of a state constitutional amendment passed in November 1990.^[18]

Communities

City

• 
  Rawlins (county seat)

Towns

Census-designated places

• Arlington


• Ryan Park

Unincorporated communities

• Savery


• Walcott

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Carbon County, Wyoming

References

Further reading

• Bartos, T.T. et al. (2006). Water resources of Carbon County, Wyoming [Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5027]. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.


• Hettinger, R.D. and J.G. Honey. (2006). Geologic map and coal stratigraphy of the Doty Mountain quadrangle, eastern Washakie Basin, Carbon County, Wyoming [Scientific Investigations Map 2925]. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carbon County, Wyoming.

Coordinates: 41°41′N 106°56′W / 41.69°N 106.93°W / 41.69; -106.93