List of odonates of Sri Lanka
























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Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are approximately 2 million known species of arthropods, and this number continues to grow. Thus, it is difficult to determine the exact number of Odonata species within particular regions. The following is a list of the dragonflies and damselflies of Sri Lanka.




Contents






  • 1 Dragonflies & Damselflies


    • 1.1 Suborder: Zygoptera - Damselflies


      • 1.1.1 Family: Calopterygidae - Jewelwings


      • 1.1.2 Family: Chlorocyphidae - Jewels


      • 1.1.3 Family: Euphaeidae - Gossamerwings


      • 1.1.4 Family: Lestidae - Spreadwings


      • 1.1.5 Family: Coenagrionidae - Narrow-winged damselflies


      • 1.1.6 Family: Platycnemididae - Threadtails


      • 1.1.7 Family: Platystictidae - Shadowdamsels




    • 1.2 Suborder: Anisoptera - Dragonflies.


      • 1.2.1 Family: Aeshnidae - Hawkers


      • 1.2.2 Family: Gomphidae - Club-tail dragonflies


      • 1.2.3 Family: Macromiidae - Cruisers


      • 1.2.4 Family: Libellulidae - Skimmers






  • 2 See also


  • 3 References





Dragonflies & Damselflies


Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta

Order: Odonata.


Dragonflies are predators. The larvae inhabit water and adults fly near aquatic places. They are diverse in color and shape. There are major 2 types of odonates in the world; they are dragonflies and damselflies. The eyes are closer together in dragonflies, and their wings are held broadly opened from the body. They are robust in nature. In contrast, damselflies are delicately built small odonates, with well separated compound eyes. During rest, they do not expand their wings; the wings are folded over the abdomen or slightly spread.


Damselflies are categorized in to Suborder: Zygoptera; and dragonflies into Suborder: Anisoptera. 131 described species within 13 families can be found in Sri Lanka, with three new species in 2016.[1][2]


The 65 endemic species and marked with an asterix (*).



Suborder: Zygoptera - Damselflies


Damselflies are insect s of suborder Zygoptera in the order Odonata. They are similar to dragonflies, which constitute the other odonatan suborder, Anisoptera, but are smaller, have slimmer bodies, and most species fold the wings along the body when at rest. An ancient group, damselflies have existed since at least the Lower Permian, and are found on every continent except Antarctica.


All damselflies are predatory; both nymphs and adults eat other insects. The nymphs are aquatic, with different species living in a variety of freshwater habitats including acid bogs, ponds, lakes and rivers. The nymphs moult repeatedly, at the last moult climbing out of the water to undergo metamorphosis. The skin splits down the back, they emerge and inflate their wings and abdomen to gain their adult form. Their presence on a body of water indicates that it is relatively unpolluted, but their dependence on freshwater makes them vulnerable to damage to their wetland habitats.


64 Damselfly species can be found in Sri Lanka.



Family: Calopterygidae - Jewelwings




  • Neurobasis chinensis - ssp.chinensis


  • Vestalis apicalis - ssp.nigrescens*



Family: Chlorocyphidae - Jewels




  • Libellago adami*


  • Libellago finalis*


  • Libellago greeni*


  • Libellago corbeti*



Family: Euphaeidae - Gossamerwings



  • Euphaea splendens*


Family: Lestidae - Spreadwings




  • Indolestes divisus*


  • Indolestes gracilis - ssp.gracilis*

  • Lestes elatus

  • Lestes malabaricus


  • Lestes praemorsus - ssp.decipiens


  • Sinhalestes orientalis*



Family: Coenagrionidae - Narrow-winged damselflies




  • Aciagrion occidentale


  • Agriocnemis femina - ssp.femina

  • Agriocnemis pygmaea

  • Amphiallagma parvum


  • Archibasis lieftincki*


  • Archibasis oscillans hanwellanensis*

  • Ceriagrion cerinorubellum

  • Ceriagrion coromandelianum


  • Ischnura aurora - ssp.aurora

  • Ischnura senegalensis


  • Mortonagrion ceylonicum*

  • Pseudagrion decorum

  • Pseudagrion malabaricum

  • Pseudagrion microcephalum


  • Pseudagrion rubriceps - ssp.ceylonicum*




Family: Platycnemididae - Threadtails




  • Elattoneura oculata*


  • Elattoneura caesia*


  • Elattoneura centralis*


  • Elattoneura leucostigma*


  • Elattoneura tenax*


  • Prodasineura sita*

  • Onychargia atrocyana

  • Copera marginipes



Family: Platystictidae - Shadowdamsels





  • Ceylonosticta alwisi*


  • Ceylonosticta anamia*


  • Ceylonosticta bine*


  • Ceylonosticta mirifica*


  • Ceylonosticta mojca*


  • Ceylonosticta nancyae*


  • Ceylonosticta rupasinghe*


  • Ceylonosticta venusta*


  • Drepanosticta adami*


  • Drepanosticta austeni*


  • Drepanosticta brincki*


  • Drepanosticta digna*


  • Drepanosticta hilaris*


  • Drepanosticta lankanensis*


  • Drepanosticta montana*


  • Drepanosticta nietneri*


  • Drepanosticta submontana*


  • Drepanosticta subtropica*


  • Drepanosticta tropica*


  • Drepanosticta walli*


  • Platysticta apicalis*


  • Platysticta maculata*


  • Platysticta secreta*


  • Platysticta serendibica*




Suborder: Anisoptera - Dragonflies.


A dragonfly is an insect belonging to the order Odonata, suborder Anisoptera (from Greek ἄνισος anisos "uneven" and πτερόν pteron, "wing", because the hindwing is broader than the forewing). Adult dragonflies are characterized by large multifaceted eyes, two pairs of strong transparent wings, sometimes with coloured patches and an elongated body. Dragonflies can be mistaken for the related group, damselflies (Zygoptera), which are similar in structure, though usually lighter in build; however, the wings of most dragonflies are held flat and away from the body, while damselflies hold the wings folded at rest, along or above the abdomen. Dragonflies are agile fliers, while damselflies have a weaker, fluttery flight. Many dragonflies have brilliant iridescent or metallic colours produced by structural coloration, making them conspicuous in flight. An adult dragonfly eye has nearly 24,000 ommatidia.


Dragonflies are predators, both in their aquatic larval stage, when they are known as nymphs or naiads, and as adults. Several years of their lives are spent as nymphs living in fresh water; the adults may be on the wing for just a few days or weeks. They are fast, agile fliers, sometimes migrating across oceans, and are often found near water.


There are 65 Dragonfly species can be found in Sri Lanka.



Family: Aeshnidae - Hawkers



  • Anaciaeschna donaldi

  • Anax guttatus

  • Anax immaculifrons

  • Anax indicus

  • Anax tristis

  • Anax ephippiger

  • Gynacantha dravida

  • Gynacantha millardi



Family: Gomphidae - Club-tail dragonflies





  • Anisogomphus ceylonensis*


  • Burmagomphus pyramidalis - ssp.sinuatus*


  • Cyclogomphus gynostylus*


  • Gomphidia pearsoni*


  • Heliogomphus lyratus*


  • Heliogomphus nietneri*


  • Heliogomphus walli*

  • Ictinogomphus rapax


  • Macrogomphus annulatus - ssp.keiseri*


  • Macrogomphus lankanensis*


  • Microgomphus wijaya*


  • Megalogomphus ceylonicus*


  • Paragomphus henryi*


  • Paragomphus campestris*




Family: Macromiidae - Cruisers




  • Epophthalmia vittata - ssp.cyanocephala*


  • Macromia flinti*


  • Macromia zeylanica*



Family: Libellulidae - Skimmers





  • Acisoma panorpoides - ssp.panorpoides


  • Aethriamanta brevipennis - ssp.brevipennis

  • Brachydiplax sobrina

  • Brachythemis contaminata

  • Bradinopyga geminata


  • Crocothemis servilia - ssp.servilia


  • Cratilla lineata - ssp.calverti

  • Diplacodes nebulosa

  • Diplacodes trivialis

  • Hydrobasileus croceus


  • Hylaeothemis fruhstorferi - ssp.fruhstorferi*

  • Indothemis carnatica


  • Indothemis limbata - ssp.sita


  • Lathrecista asiatica - ssp.asiatica


  • Lyriothemis defonsekai*

  • Macrodiplax cora


  • Neurothemis intermedia - ssp.intermedia

  • Neurothemis tullia


  • Onychothemis tonkinensis - ssp.ceylanica

  • Orthetrum chrysis

  • Orthetrum glaucum

  • Orthetrum luzonicum


  • Orthetrum pruinosum - ssp.neglectum


  • Orthetrum sabina - ssp.sabina


  • Orthetrum triangulare - ssp.triangulare

  • Pantala flavescens

  • Potamarcha congener

  • Rhodothemis rufa

  • Rhyothemis triangularis


  • Rhyothemis variegata - ssp.variegata

  • Sympetrum fonscolombii


  • Tetrathemis yerburii*

  • Tholymis tillarga

  • Trithemis aurora

  • Trithemis festiva

  • Trithemis pallidinervis


  • Tramea basilaris - ssp.burmeisteri

  • Tramea limbata


  • Urothemis signata - ssp.signata


  • Zygonyx iris - ssp.ceylonicum

  • Zyxomma petiolatum




See also



  • List of Odonata species of Britain

  • List of Odonata species of Ireland

  • List of Odonata species of India

  • List of Odonata species of South Africa

  • List of Odonata species of Taiwan



References





  1. ^ Priyadarshana, Tharaka Sudesh; Wijewardhane, Ishara Harshajith; Herath, Bimal Eranga (29 November 2016). "Three new species of the genus Ceylonosticta Fraser, 1931 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) from Sri Lanka and the rediscovery of Ceylonosticta subtropica (Fraser, 1933". tandfonline. International Journal of Odonatology..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "[Entomology • 2016] Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of the Platystictidae (Insecta: Odonata) of Sri Lanka". Species New to Science. International Journal of Odonatology. 15 December 2016.




  • Sumanapala, A. P. (2017). A Field Guide to the Dragonflies and Damselflies of Sri Lanka. Ceylon Tea Services Pvt. Ltd.

  • http://www.srilankaninsects.net/Dragonflies/Dragonflies.htm

  • http://journals.sjp.ac.lk/index.php/JTFE/article/view/593

  • https://web.archive.org/web/20140728134407/http://www.odonatologica.com/Web/abstracts/pdf/42-3.pdf




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