List of myriapods of Sri Lanka
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Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about 2 million species of arthropods found in the world, and still it is counting. So many new species are discover up to this time also. So it is very complicated and difficult to summarize the exact number of species found within a certain region.
The following list is about Centipedes and Millipedes found in Sri Lanka.
Contents
1 Centipede
1.1 Order: Geophilomorpha - Soil centipedes
1.1.1 Family: Mecistocephalidae
1.1.2 Family: Oryidae
1.2 Order: Lithobiomorpha - Stone centipedes
1.2.1 Family: Lithobiidae
1.3 Order: Scolopendromorpha - Bark centipedes
1.3.1 Family: Scolopendridae
1.4 Order: Scutigeromorpha - Common house centipedes
1.4.1 Family: Scutigeridae
1.4.2 Family: Scutigerinidae
2 Millipede
2.1 Order: Chordeumatida
2.1.1 Family: Lankasomatidae
2.2 Order: Glomeridesmida
2.2.1 Family: Glomeridesmidae
2.3 Order: Polydesmida - Flat-backed millipedes
2.3.1 Family: Chelodesmidae
2.3.2 Family: Cryptodesmidae
2.3.3 Family: Fuhrmannodesmidae
2.3.4 Family: Paradoxosomatidae
2.3.5 Family: Polydesmidae
2.3.6 Family: Pyrgodesmidae
2.4 Order: Polyxenida - Bristle millipedes
2.4.1 Family: Polyxenidae
2.5 Order: Sphaerotheriida - Giant pill millipedes
2.5.1 Family: Arthrosphaeridae
2.5.2 Family: Zephroniidae
2.6 Order: Siphonophorida
2.6.1 Family: Siphonophoridae
2.7 Order: Spirobolida - Round-backed millipedes
2.7.1 Family: Pachybolidae
2.7.2 Family: Pseudospirobolellidae
2.7.3 Family: Spirobolidae
2.7.4 Family: Trigoniulidae
2.8 Order: Spirostreptida
2.8.1 Family: Cambalopsidae
2.8.2 Family: Glyphiulidae
2.8.3 Family: Harpagophoridae
2.8.4 Family: Spirostreptidae
2.9 Order: Julida
2.9.1 Family: Julidae
2.10 Order: Stemmiulida
2.10.1 Family: Stemmiulidae
3 References
Centipede
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Centipedes are arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda of the subphylum Myriapoda. They are elongated metameric creatures with one pair of legs per body segment, where legs ranging from 30 to 354. They always have an odd number of pairs of legs.[1][2][3] A pair of venom claws or forcipules formed from a modified first appendage, which indicated that they are predominantly carnivorous.[4]:168
About 8,000 species of centipedes are thought to exist,[5] of which 3,000 have been described.
The following list provide the centipedes currently identified in Sri Lanka. The first known study on centipedes are came from Newport on 1845. Then many more overseas biologists and naturalists did many studies on centipedes. However, much recent work and the first work by a local biologist was done by Duminda Dissanayake of Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. According to his checklist, there are 19 species from 4 orders and 6 families are known from Sri Lanka.[6]
Endemic species are denoted as E.
Order: Geophilomorpha - Soil centipedes
Family: Mecistocephalidae
- Mecistocephalus heteropus
- Mecistocephalus subinsularis
Family: Oryidae
- Orphnaeus brevilabiatus
Order: Lithobiomorpha - Stone centipedes
Family: Lithobiidae
- Australobius palnis
- Australobius sculpturatus
Order: Scolopendromorpha - Bark centipedes
Family: Scolopendridae
- Ethmostigmus rubripes
- Otostigmus ceylanicus
- Otostigmus scaber
- Scolopendra crassa
- Scolopendra hardwickei
- Scolopendra morsitans
- Scolopendra subspinipes
- Cormocephalus inermipes
- Cormocephalus westwoodi
- Rhysida immarginata
- Rhysida longipes
Order: Scutigeromorpha - Common house centipedes
Family: Scutigeridae
- Thereuopodina tenuicornis
Family: Scutigerinidae
- Scutigerina weberi
Millipede
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Millipedes are arthropods in the class Diplopoda, which is characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments. Most millipedes have very elongated cylindrical or flattened bodies with more than 20 segments, while pill millipedes are shorter and can roll into a ball. The average number of legs are about 500 or so, but rarely about 750. Approximately 12,000 species classified into sixteen orders and around 140 families, making Diplopoda the largest class of myriapods.
In 1865, Humbert is the first person to study Sri Lankan millipede fauna, with 26 species, including 19
new species. In 1892, Pocock discovered 10 more new species of millipedes from many localities. With many gradual taxonomic revisions by Carl, Demange, Hoffman and endemic millipede fauna by Mauriès, a total of 104 millipede species belonging to 44 genera, 18 families and nine orders have been documented. 82 species are endemic to Sri Lanka.[7]
Order: Chordeumatida
Family: Lankasomatidae
Cingalosoma anderssoni - E
Lankasoma anderssoni - E
Lankasoma brincki - E
Lankasoma cederholmi - E
Lankasoma oreites - E
Lankasoma mahleri - E
Order: Glomeridesmida
Family: Glomeridesmidae
Termitodesmus ceylonicus - E
Order: Polydesmida - Flat-backed millipedes
Family: Chelodesmidae
Leptodesmus thwaitesii - E
Family: Cryptodesmidae
Pocodesmus greeni - E
Singhalocryptus alticola - E
Family: Fuhrmannodesmidae
Lankadesmus cognatus - E
Family: Paradoxosomatidae
- Anoplodesmus anthracinus
Anoplodesmus humberti - E
Anoplodesmus layardi - E- Anoplodesmus luctuosus
Anoplodesmus inornatus - E
Anoplodesmus sabulosus - E- Anoplodesmus saussurii
Anoplodesmus stadelmanni - E- Chondromorpha xanthotricha
- Desmoxytes planata
Orthomorpha mikrotropis - E
Paranedyopus simplex - E- Polydesmopeltis kelaarti
Pyragrogonus willeyi - E
Singhalorthomorpha cingalensis - E
Singhalorthomorpha serrulata - E
Strongylosoma greeni - E
Strongylosoma nietneri - E
Family: Polydesmidae
Polydesmus skinneri - E
Family: Pyrgodesmidae
Archandrodesmus kandyanus - E
Catapyrgodesmus ceylonicus - E
Cryptocephalopus jonesii - E
Eustaledesmus parvus - E
Klimakodesmus permutatus - E
Pyrgodesmus obscurus - E
Styloceylonius lobatus - E
Urodesmus serratus - E
Order: Polyxenida - Bristle millipedes
Family: Polyxenidae
Silvestrus ceylonicus - E
Order: Sphaerotheriida - Giant pill millipedes
Family: Arthrosphaeridae
- Arthrosphaera attemsi
- Arthrosphaera brandtii
Arthrosphaera corrugata - E
Arthrosphaera dentigera - E- Arthrosphaera inermis
Arthrosphaera leopardina - E
Arthrosphaera noticeps - E
Arthrosphaera pilifera - E
Arthrosphaera ruginosa - E
Arthrosphaera rugosa - E
Arthrosphaera versicolor - E
Family: Zephroniidae
- Sphaeropoeus hercules
Order: Siphonophorida
Family: Siphonophoridae
- Pterozonium picteti
Siphonophora humberti - E
Order: Spirobolida - Round-backed millipedes
Family: Pachybolidae
- Xenobolus carnifex
Family: Pseudospirobolellidae
- Pseudospirobolellus avernus
Family: Spirobolidae
Spirobolus crebristriatus - E
Spirobolus greeni - E
Spirobolus longicollis - E
Spirobolus longicornis - E
Spirobolus obtusospinosus - E
Spirobolus spirostreptinus - E
Spirobolus taprobanensis - E
Family: Trigoniulidae
Cingalobolus bugnioni - E
Lankabolus coelebs - E- Trigoniulus corallinus
Order: Spirostreptida
Family: Cambalopsidae
Trachyjulus aelleni - E
Trachyjulus costatus - E
Trachyjulus humberti - E
Trachyjulus lankanus - E
Trachyjulus minor - E
Trachyjulus willeyi - E
Trachyjulus willeyi montanus - E
Family: Glyphiulidae
Podoglyphiulus ceylanicus - E
Family: Harpagophoridae
Carlogonus robustior - E
Harpurostreptus attemsi - E
Harpurostreptus hamifer - E- Harpurostreptus krausi
Harpurostreptus matarae - E
Humbertostreptus lunelii - E
Ktenostreptus anderssoni - E
Ktenostreptus anulipes - E
Ktenostreptus centrurus - E
Ktenostreptus costulatus - E
Ktenostreptus lankaensis - E
Ktenostreptus rugulosus - E
Ktenostreptus specularis - E- Leptostreptus caudiculatus
Leptostreptus exiguus - E
Leptostreptus fuscus - E- Phyllogonostreptus nigrolabiatus
Stenurostreptus stenorhynchus - E- Thyropygus allevatus
Thyropygus poseidon - E
Family: Spirostreptidae
Spirostreptus contemptus - E
Spirostreptus insculptus - E
Spirostreptus modestus - E
Order: Julida
Family: Julidae
Julus ceilanicus - E
Order: Stemmiulida
Family: Stemmiulidae
Diopsiulus annandalei - E
Diopsiulus ceylonicus - E
Diopsiulus greeni - E
Diopsiulus madaraszi - E
References
^ Lloyd, John (2006). The Book of General Ignorance. London: Bloomsbury House. p. 119. ISBN 0571273785. Retrieved June 10, 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Arthur, W. (2002). "The interaction between developmental bias and natural selection from centipede segmentation to a general hypothesis". Heredity. 89 (4): 239–246. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800139. PMID 12242638.
^ Arthur, Wallace; Chapman, Ariel D. (2005). "The centipede Strigamia maritima: what it can tell us about development and evolution of segmentation". BioEssays. 27 (6): 653–660. doi:10.1002/bies.20234. PMID 15892117.
^ Lewis, J. G. E. (2007). The Biology of Centipedes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03411-1.
^ Adis, Joachim; Harvey, Mark S. (2000). "How many Arachnida and Myriapoda are there worldwide and in Amazonia?". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 35 (2): 139–141. doi:10.1076/0165-0521(200008)35:2;1-9;FT139.
^ Dissanayake, Duminda. "Records of Centipede fauna in Sri Lanka" (PDF). repository.rjt.ac.lk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
^ De Zoysa, H. K. S., Nguyen, Anh D., Wickramasinghe, S. (2016). "Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka". Zootaxa. 4061 (5): 451–482. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4061.5.1.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
