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Although I upvoted the chosen answer a couple of weeks back, in the meantime I struggled a lot more with this topic. It feels like having a special Python installation and using special modules to run a script as a service is simply the wrong way. What about portability and such?

I stumbled across the wonderful Non-sucking Service Manager, which made it really simple and sane to deal with Windows Services. I figured since I could pass options to an installed service, I could just as well select my Python executable and pass my script as an option.

I have not yet tried this solution, but I will do so right now and update this post along the process. I am also interested in using virtualenvs on Windows, so I might come up with a tutorial sooner or later and link to it here.

There are a couple alternatives for installing as a service virtually any Windows executable.

Method 1: Use instsrv and srvany from rktools.exe

For Windows Home Server or Windows Server 2003 (works with WinXP too), the Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit Tools comes with utilities that can be used in tandem for this, called instsrv.exe and srvany.exe. See this Microsoft KB article KB137890 for details on how to use these utils.

For Windows Home Server, there is a great user friendly wrapper for these utilities named aptly "Any Service Installer".

Method 2: Use ServiceInstaller for Windows NT

There is another alternative using ServiceInstaller for Windows NT (download-able here) with python instructions available. Contrary to the name, it works with both Windows 2000 and Windows XP as well. Here are some instructions for how to install a python script as a service.

Installing a Python script

Run ServiceInstaller to create a new
service. (In this example, it is
assumed that python is installed at
c:python25)

Service Name  : PythonTest

Display Name : PythonTest 

Startup : Manual (or whatever you like)

Dependencies : (Leave blank or fill to fit your needs)

Executable : c:python25python.exe

Arguments : c:path_to_your_python_scripttest.py

Working Directory : c:path_to_your_python_script

After installing, open the Control
Panel's Services applet, select and
start the PythonTest service.

After my initial answer, I noticed there were closely related Q&A already posted on SO. See also:

Can I run a Python script as a service (in Windows)? How?

How do I make Windows aware of a service I have written in Python?

The simplest way to achive this is to use native command sc.exe:

sc create PythonApp binPath= "C:Python34Python.exe --C:tmppythonscript.py"

1. https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc990289(v=ws.11).aspx


2. creating a service with sc.exe; how to pass in context parameters

The simplest way is to use the: NSSM - the Non-Sucking Service Manager:

1 - make download on https://nssm.cc/download

2 - install the python program as a service: Win prompt as admin

c:>nssm.exe install WinService

3 - On NSSM´s console:

path: C:Python27Python27.exe

Startup directory: C:Python27

Arguments: c:WinService.py

4 - check the created services on services.msc

Step by step explanation how to make it work :

1- First create a python file according to the basic skeleton mentioned above. And save it to a path for example : "c:PythonFilesAppServerSvc.py"

import win32serviceutil

import win32service

import win32event

import servicemanager

import socket





class AppServerSvc (win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework):

    _svc_name_ = "TestService"

    _svc_display_name_ = "Test Service"





    def __init__(self,args):

        win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework.__init__(self,args)

        self.hWaitStop = win32event.CreateEvent(None,0,0,None)

        socket.setdefaulttimeout(60)



    def SvcStop(self):

        self.ReportServiceStatus(win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)

        win32event.SetEvent(self.hWaitStop)



    def SvcDoRun(self):

        servicemanager.LogMsg(servicemanager.EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE,

                          servicemanager.PYS_SERVICE_STARTED,

                          (self._svc_name_,''))

        self.main()



    def main(self):

        # Your business logic or call to any class should be here

        # this time it creates a text.txt and writes Test Service in a daily manner 

        f = open('C:\test.txt', 'a')

        rc = None

        while rc != win32event.WAIT_OBJECT_0:

            f.write('Test Service  n')

            f.flush()

            # block for 24*60*60 seconds and wait for a stop event

            # it is used for a one-day loop

            rc = win32event.WaitForSingleObject(self.hWaitStop, 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)

        f.write('shut down n')

        f.close()



if __name__ == '__main__':

    win32serviceutil.HandleCommandLine(AppServerSvc)

2 - On this step we should register our service.

Run command prompt as administrator and type as:

sc create TestService binpath= "C:Python36Python.exe c:PythonFilesAppServerSvc.py" DisplayName= "TestService" start= auto

the first argument of binpath is the path of python.exe

second argument of binpath is the path of your python file that we created already

Don't miss that you should put one space after every "=" sign.

Then if everything is ok, you should see

[SC] CreateService SUCCESS

Now your python service is installed as windows service now. You can see it in Service Manager and registry under :

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesTestService

3- Ok now. You can start your service on service manager.

You can execute every python file that provides this service skeleton.

I started hosting as a service with pywin32.

Everything was well but I met the problem that service was not able to start within 30 seconds (default timeout for Windows) on system startup. It was critical for me because Windows startup took place simultaneous on several virtual machines hosted on one physical machine, and IO load was huge.
Error messages were:

Error 1053: The service did not respond to the start or control request in a timely fashion.

Error 7009: Timeout (30000 milliseconds) waiting for the <ServiceName> service to connect.

I fought a lot with pywin, but ended up with using NSSM as it was proposed in this answer. It was very easy to migrate to it.

The accepted answer using win32serviceutil works but is complicated and makes debugging and changes harder. It is far easier to use NSSM (the Non-Sucking Service Manager). You write and comfortably debug a normal python program and when it finally works you use NSSM to install it as a service in less than a minute:

From an elevated (admin) command prompt you run nssm.exe install NameOfYourService and you fill-in these options:

• 
  path: (the path to python.exe e.g. C:Python27Python.exe)


• 
  Arguments: (the path to your python script, e.g. c:pathtoprogram.py)

By the way, if your program prints useful messages that you want to keep in a log file NSSM can also handle this and a lot more for you.

pysc: Service Control Manager on Python

Example script to run as a service taken from pythonhosted.org:

from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer



from pysc import event_stop





class TestServer:



    def echo(self, msg):

        return msg





if __name__ == '__main__':

    server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(('127.0.0.1', 9001))



    @event_stop

    def stop():

        server.server_close()



    server.register_instance(TestServer())

    server.serve_forever()

Create and start service

import os

import sys

from xmlrpc.client import ServerProxy



import pysc





if __name__ == '__main__':

    service_name = 'test_xmlrpc_server'

    script_path = os.path.join(

        os.path.dirname(__file__), 'xmlrpc_server.py'

    )

    pysc.create(

        service_name=service_name,

        cmd=[sys.executable, script_path]

    )

    pysc.start(service_name)



    client = ServerProxy('http://127.0.0.1:9001')

    print(client.echo('test scm'))

Stop and delete service

import pysc



service_name = 'test_xmlrpc_server'



pysc.stop(service_name)

pysc.delete(service_name)

pip install pysc