Iranian diaspora




Iranians abroad or Iranian diaspora are Iranian people living outside Iran and their children born abroad.[1][2][3][4][5][6]


According to various sources, in 2010, there were an estimated four to five million Iranians living abroad, mostly in North America, Europe, Persian Gulf States, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Australia and the broader Middle East.[7][8][9] Others estimate a lower number, of around two millions or less.[10][11] For the most part, they emigrated after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.[citation needed]




Contents






  • 1 Students abroad


  • 2 Statistics by country


  • 3 Politics


  • 4 Economics


    • 4.1 High net-worth individuals


    • 4.2 Expatriate fund




  • 5 Religious affiliation


  • 6 Notes


  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


    • 8.1 Sources




  • 9 External links





Students abroad


See also: Higher education in Iran and Iran's brain drain

According to the Iranian government in 2013, 55,686 Iranian students were studying abroad.[12] Out of this number, 8,883 students were studying in Malaysia, 7,341 in the United States, 5,638 in Canada, 3,504 in Germany, 3,364 in Turkey, 3,228 in Britain, and the rest in other countries.[13][14] According to an estimate by the Iranian Ministry of Education, between 350 and 500 thousand Iranians were studying outside Iran as of 2014.[15]


According to experts, a Western-educated Iranian can earn in excess of $15,000 a month, up to about $250,000 a year, in a senior executive role at a Western conglomerate in Iran.[16][17]



Statistics by country
























































































































































































































List of countries and territories by Iranian population
Country[note 1]
 Iranian-born[note 2]
 Residents of Iranian ancestry[note 3]
 Article

 United States
 283,225 (2000)[note 4][18]
 448,722 (2010 United States Census)[19] to around 1-2 million (2014 - U.S. Government and other sources)[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]
Iranian American

 Turkey
~500,000 (2010)[27]

 Qatar
 27,000[28]

Iranians in Qatar

United Arab Emirates UAE
400,000-500,000[29][30] (2008) [note 4][31]
Iranians in the United Arab Emirates

 Canada
 154,425 (2016)[32]
 210,405 (2016)[33]
Iranian Canadian

 Germany
 100,000[34] - 120,000[35] (2003)

Iranians in Germany

 Kuwait
 80,000 (2003)[36]

Ajam of Kuwait

 Malaysia
 100,000[37][38]

Iranians in Malaysia

 Sweden
 53,892 (2000)[9]
 92,428 (2011)[note 2][39]
Swedish Iranians

 Japan
 12,000 (2000)[40]
 7,000 (2000)[41]
Iranians in Japan

 Russia
 50,000 (2002)[42]

Iranians in Russia

 Bahrain
 173,000 (2014)[43]

Persians in Bahrain

 Israel
 47,800 (2007)[44]
 135,000 (2007)[2][44]
Iranians in Israel

 United Kingdom
 83,000 (2011)[45]

Iranians in the United Kingdom

 Netherlands
 35,561 (2014)[46]

Iranians in the Netherlands

 Australia
 34,455 (2011)[47]
 36,168 (2011)[note 4][48]
Iranian Australian

 France
 18,376 (2000)[9]

Iranians in France

 Denmark
 16,322 (2017)
 20,397 (2017 )
 Iranians in Denmark

 Italy
7,444 (2010)[41]

 Finland
 7,184 (2017)
 8,114 (2017)[49]
Iranians in Finland

 Austria
 16,203 (1.1.2015)[50]
 17,000-20,000 (2013)[51]

  Switzerland
4,044 (2000)[41]

 Norway
17,913 (2012)[52]
Norwegian Iranians

 New Zealand
2,895 (2006)[53]
Iranian New Zealander

 Lebanon
4,000 (2010)[54] - 5,000 (2015)[55]
Iranians in Lebanon

 Spain
12,344 (2011)[56]
Iranians in Spain

 Portugal
339 (2011)[57]

 Iraq


Persians in Iraq

 Syria


Iranians in Syria

 Pakistan
10,000 (2017)[58]
Iranians in Pakistan

 Thailand


Iranians in Thailand

 China


Iranians in China

 Philippines


Iranians in the Philippines
Total:




Politics




  • Armenia Hrant Markarian, Chairman of Armenian Revolutionary Federation


  • Australia Sam Dastyari, Senator


  • United Kingdom Seema Kennedy, Member of the House of Commons


  • United Kingdom Haleh Afshar, Member of the House of Lords


  • United Kingdom David Alliance, Member of the House of Lords


  • CanadaQuebec Amir Khadir, Member of the National Assembly of Quebec


  • CanadaOntario Reza Moridi, Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario


  • Canada Majid Jowhari, Member of the Parliament of Canada


  • Canada Ali Ehsassi, Member of the Parliament of Canada


  • France Pouria Amirshahi, Former Member of the French National Assembly


  • Germany Yasmin Fahimi, general secretary of the Social Democratic Party


  • Germany Sahra Wagenknecht, Member of the Bundestag and deputy chairperson of the Left Party


  • Germany Omid Nouripour, Member of the Bundestag, (Alliance '90/The Greens)


  • Israel Moshe Katsav, President of Israel


  • Israel Dan Halutz, Chief of General Staff


  • Israel Shaul Mofaz, Minister of Defense


  • New Zealand Golriz Ghahraman, Member of New Zealand Parliament from the 52nd New Zealand Parliament part of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand


  • Netherlands Farah Karimi, Member of the House of Representatives


  • Norway Mazyar Keshvari, Member of the Storting


  • Sweden Ardalan Shekarabi, Minister for Public Administration


  • Sweden Maryam Yazdanfar, Member of the Riksdag


  • Sweden Reza Khelili Dylami, Member of the Riksdag


  • United States Goli Ameri, Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs


  • United States Cyrus Amir-Mokri, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions


  • United StatesWashington (state) Cyrus Habib, Member of the Washington House of Representatives


  • United States Azita Raji, United States Ambassador to Sweden


  • United States Bob Yousefian, Mayor of Glendale


  • United States Jimmy Delshad, Mayor of Beverly Hills



Economics


See also: Foreign direct investment in Iran

Their combined net worth is $1.3 trillion (2006 est.)[7][59][60] In 2000, the Iran Press Service reported that Iranian expatriates had invested between $200 and $400 billion in the United States, Europe, and China, but almost nothing in Iran.[9] In Dubai, Iranian expatriates have invested an estimated $200 billion (2006).[61] Migrant Iranian workers abroad remitted less than two billion dollars home in 2006.[62]



High net-worth individuals


See also: Social class in Iran and List of Iranians by net worth




































































































National ranking
 Name
 Citizenship
Net worth (USD)
 Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1		 Pierre Omidyar
IranUnited States
 8.7 billion [63]
eBay

7000200000000000000♠2		 Ghermezian family
IranCanada
 4.0 billion [64]
Triple Five Group

7000300000000000000♠3		 Farhad Moshiri
IranUnited Kingdom
 2.8 billion [65]
Metalloinvest, Arsenal F.C.

7000400000000000000♠4		 Nazarian family
IranUnited States
 2.0 billion [66]
Qualcomm

7000500000000000000♠5		 Vincent & Robert Tchenguiz
IranUnited Kingdom
 1.4 billion [67][68]
Real Estate

7000600000000000000♠6		 Manny Mashouf
IranUnited States
 1.3 billion [69]
Bebe stores

7000700000000000000♠7		 Merage family
IranUnited States
 1.1 billion [70]
Hot Pockets

7000800000000000000♠8		 Nasser David Khalili
IranUnited Kingdom
 1.0 billion [71]
Real Estate

7000900000000000000♠9		 Hassan Khosrowshahi
IranCanada
 950 million [72]
Future Shop

7001100000000000000♠10		 Omid Kordestani
IranUnited States
 900 million [73]
Google

7001110000000000000♠11		 Anousheh Ansari
IranUnited States
 750 million [74]
 Sonus Networks

7001120000000000000♠12		 Isaac Larian
IranUnited States
 723 million [73]
MGA Entertainment

7001130000000000000♠13		 Arash Ferdowsi
IranUnited States
 400 million [75]
Dropbox


Expatriate fund


See also: Iranian expatriates' role in privatizations in Iran and Foreign portfolio investment in Iran

The government has proposed setting up a joint investment fund with $5 billion in basic capital and an economic union to serve Iranians living abroad. The stated goal is to attract investment from Iranian expatriates and using their experience in stimulating foreign investments.[76] Later, in 2010, it was announced that Iran will start the process by creating a national fund with a basic capital of eight million euros. This fund will later transform into a bank.[7]


The currency used in the fund is the euro and investors are supported by the Organization for Investment, Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran. Iran will pay a guaranteed 10 percent interest on foreign investment.[77] The value of each share in the fund is 1,000 euros. The minimum and the maximum investment amounts are 100,000 and 500,000 shares [sic], respectively.[77]



Religious affiliation


See also: Religion in Iran and Irreligion in Iran

Iranians are predominantly Shia Muslims. A number of Iranians have converted to Christianity in the diaspora from the predominant Shia Islam. While this group accounts for rather a small percentage of the total diaspora population, it is now far from marginal, with dozens of Iranian churches existing throughout countries with significant Iranian communities, including the United States, Canada,[78] the United Kingdom,[79] Sweden, and Germany.[80] There also notable groups of Baha'i, Jewish, and Zoroastrian Iranians.


A significant number of Iranians abroad are irreligious, Agnostic and Atheist.[81][82][83] While reliable statistics are difficult to come by, it is safe to say that the percentage of irreligious Iranians is significantly higher in the diaspora than in Iran, particularly with regard to Iranian-Americans and those living in Europe and Canada.[84]



Notes


[note 1] The Iranian citizens abroad (scope of this article) differ from the other Iranian peoples living in other areas of Greater Iran, who are of related ethno-linguistical family, speaking languages belonging to the Iranian languages (a branch of Indo-European languages). There are an estimated 150 to 200 million native speakers of Iranian languages (including 80 million in Iran as of 2016), the five major groups of Persians, Lurs, Pashtuns, Kurds and Baloch accounting for about 90% of this number.[85] Currently, most of these Iranian people live in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, parts of Uzbekistan (especially Samarkand and Bukhara), the Caucasus (Ossetia and Azerbaijan) and the Kurdish areas (referred to as Kurdistan) of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria. Smaller groups of Iranian people can also be found in western China. Due to recent migrations, there are also large communities of speakers of Iranian languages in Europe, the Americas and Israel.[citation needed]


[note 2] In some countries naturalized citizens, dual citizens, or children with only one Iranian/foreign-born parent are counted (for statistical purposes) as citizens/nationals of the host country only (i.e. citizen of the country of residence). For example all naturalized Swiss citizens have a legal "Swiss origin" even though it is often not the same as their place of birth. Country statistics (by national origin) generally exclude illegal immigration.


[note 3] Same as "Iranian-born" but includes their children born abroad.


[note 4] Iranian ancestry (i.e. second or third generation), not necessarily Iranian citizenship.


[note 5] In the period from 1961 to 2005, the United States has been the main destination of Iranian emigrants. A total of 378,995 Iranians have immigrated to the United States in that period, where the major concentrations of Iranian immigrants are California (158,613 Iran-born in 2000),[18]New York state (17,323),[18]Texas (15,581),[18]Virginia (10,889),[18] and Maryland (9,733)[18]Los Angeles Metropolitan Area was estimated to be host to approximately 114,712 Iranian immigrants,[18] earning the Westwood area of LA the nickname Tehrangeles. In the case of the United States, the US Census Bureau's decennial census form does not offer a designation for individuals of Iranian descent. Consequently, it is estimated that only a fraction of the total number of Iranians are writing in their ancestry. The 2000 Census Bureau estimates that the Iranian-American community (including the US-born children of the Iranian foreign born) numbers around 330,000. However, studies using alternative statistical methods have estimated the actual number of Iranian Americans in the range of 691,000 to 1.2 million.[9][86]



See also




  • Demography of Iran

  • Anti-Iranian sentiment

  • Foreign relations of Iran

  • Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran

  • Iran's brain drain

  • Iranian nationality law

  • Tourism in Iran

  • Visa requirements for Iranian citizens



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Sources



  • Sakurai, Keiko (July 2003), 日本のムスリム社会 [Japan's Muslim Societies], Chikuma Shobō, ISBN 4-480-06120-7


External links








  • History of Iranian diaspora - Encyclopædia Iranica


  • Country Profile - Iran Migration Policy Institute (including modern history of Iranian migration)

  • Iranian Diaspora in pre-Islamic times


  • High Council of Iranians Abroad- "Strengthening the national identity of Iranians outside Iran and to defend their rights, helping the propagation of Persian calligraphy and language, and easing the participation in national security."

  • Iranians Abroad - resources and links parstimes.com


  • Iranian Alliances Across Borders (IAAB) (non-profit, non-partisan, and non-religious)


  • Iranian diaspora - press article (2009)

  • Seminar for Iranians Abroad Held in Tehran on August 2010











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