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List of rulers of Bhutan


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King of Bhutan

Emblem of Bhutan.svg
Emblem of Bhutan

Incumbent

King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (edit).jpg

Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
since 9 December 2006

5th Dragon King

Details
Style
His Majesty
Heir presumptive
Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck
First monarch
Ugyen Wangchuck
Formation
21 December 1907
Residence
Wangducholing Palace, Thimpu





























Bhutan
Emblem of Bhutan.svg

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Bhutan















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Bhutan was founded and unified as a country by Ngawang Namgyal, 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche in the mid–17th century. After his death in 1651, Bhutan nominally followed his recommended "dual system of government". Under the dual system, government control was split between a civil administrative leader, the Druk Desi (.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}
འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་, aka Deb Raja);[nb 1] and a religious leader, the Je Khenpo (
རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་).


Both the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo were under the nominal authority of the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyal. In practice however, the Zhabdrung was often a child under the control of the Druk Desi, and regional penlops often administered their districts in defiance of the power of the Druk Desis until the rise of the unified House of Wangchuck in 1907.[1]


Since the rise of the unified House of Wangchuck in 1907, the Druk Gyalpo (
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་; lit. "Dragon King") have been the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan.




Contents






  • 1 Druk Desis (1650–1905)


  • 2 Kings of Bhutan (1907–present)


  • 3 See also


  • 4 Notes


  • 5 References


  • 6 Further reading





Druk Desis (1650–1905)[edit]


Main article: Druk Desi

Below appears the list of Druk Desis throughout the existence of the office. Officeholders were initially appointed by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, though after his death the Je Khenpo and civil government decided appointments.


Italics indicate coregencies and caretaker governments, which are not traditionally separately numbered.










































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Druk Desis of Bhutan[2]

No.
 Name
 Date of Birth
 Reign start
 Reign end
 Date of Death
1
 Tenzin Drukgye 1591 1650 1655 1655
2
Langonpa Tenzin Drukdra		 1655 1667 1667
3
Chhogyel Minjur Tenpa		 1667 1680 1691
4
Gyalsey Tenzin Rabgye
 1638 1680 1694 1696
5
 Gedun Chomphel 1695 1701 1701
6
 Ngawang Tshering 1701 1704
7
 Umze Peljor 1704 1707 1707
8
 Druk Rabgye 1707 1719 1729
9
 Ngawang Gyamtsho 1719 1729 1729
10
 Mipham Wangpo 1729 1736
11
 Khuwo Peljor 1736 1739
12
 Ngawang Gyaltshen 1739 1744
13
 Sherab Wangchuck 1744 1763
14
 Druk Phuntsho 1763 1765
15
Wangzob Druk Tenzin I		 1765 1768
16
 Sonam Lhundub[3][table 1]
 1768 1773 1773
17
 Kunga Rinchen 1773 1776
18
 Jigme Singye 1742 1776 1788 1789
19
 Druk Tenzin 1788 1792
20
 Umzey Chapchhab 1792 1792 1792
21
Chhogyel Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel)		 1792 1799
22
 Druk Namgyel 1799 1803
23
Chhogyel Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel)
(2nd reign)
 1803 1805
24
 Sangye Tenzin 1805 1806
25
 Umzey Parob 1806 1808
26
 Byop Chhyoda 1807 1808
27
Tulku Tsulthrim Daba		 1790 1809 1810 1820
28
Zhabdrung Thutul (Jigme Dragpa)		 1810 1811
29
Chholay Yeshey Gyaltshen		 1781 1811 1815 1830
30
 Tshaphu Dorji Namgyel 1815 1815
31
 Sonam Drugyel 1815 1819
32
Gongzim Tenzin Drukda		 1819 1823
33
 Chhoki Gyaltshen 1823 1831
34
 Dorji Namgyal 1831 1832
35
 Adab Thinley 1832 1835
36
 Chhoki Gyaltshen
(2nd reign)
 1835 1838
37
 Dorji Norbu 1838 1850
38
 Wangchuk Gyalpo 1850 1850
39
Zhabdrung Thutul (Jigme Norbu)
(in Thimphu)
 1850 1852
Chagpa Sangye
(in Punakha)		 1851 1852
40
 Damchho Lhundrup 1852 1854
41
 Jamtul Jamyang Tenzin 1854 1856
42
 Kunga Palden
(in Punakha)
 1856 1860
Sherab Tharchin
(in Thimphu)		 1856 1860
43
 Phuntsho Namgyel (Nazi Pasang) 1860 1863
44
 Tshewang Sithub 1863 1864
Tsulthrim Yonten 1864 1864
45
 Kagyud Wangchuk 1864 1864
46
 Tshewang Sithub
(2nd reign)
 1865 1867
47
 Tsondul Pekar 1867 1870
48
 Jigme Namgyel 1825 1870 1873 1881
49
 Kitshab Dorji Namgyel 1873 1879
Jigme Namgyel
(2nd reign)		 1877 1878
Kitsep Dorji Namgyel
(2nd reign)		 1878 1879
50
Chhogyel Zangpo		 March 1879 June 1880 1880
Jigme Namgyel
(3rd reign)		 June 1880 July 1881
51
 Lam Tshewang 1836 July 1881 May 1883 1883
52
 Gawa Zangpo May 1883 August 1885
53
 Sangye Dorji 1885 1901 1901
54
 Choley Yeshe Ngodub 1851 1903 1905 1917
Notes:



  1. ^ Druk Desi Sonam Lhundub was the first Bhutanese ruler to confront British power, losing in a power bid in Cooch Behar, a traditional Bhutanese dependency.


Kings of Bhutan (1907–present)[edit]


Main articles: Druk Gyalpo and House of Wangchuck

The Bhutanese monarchy was established in 1907, unifying the country under the control of the Wangchuck family, hereditary penlops (governors) of Trongsa district. The king of Bhutan, formally known as the Druk Gyalpo ("Dragon King"), also occupies the office of Druk Desi under the dual system of government. Since the enactment of the Constitution of 2008, the Druk Gyalpo has remained head of state, while the Prime Minister of Bhutan acts as executive and head of government in a parliamentary democracy.[4]

























































Name Lifespan Reign start Reign end Notes Family Image
Ugyen 1862 – 21 August 1926
(aged 64)		 17 December 1907 21 August 1926 Wangchuck Ugyen Wangchuck of Bhutan
Jigme 1905 – 24 March 1952
(aged 47)		 21 August 1926 24 March 1952 Son of Ugyen Wangchuck Jigme Wangchuck of Bhutan
Jigme Dorji
(1929-05-02)2 May 1929 – 21 July 1972(1972-07-21) (aged 43)		 24 March 1952 21 July 1972 Son of Jigme Wangchuck Jigme Dorji Wangchuck of Bhutan
Jigme Singye
(1955-11-11) 11 November 1955 (age 62)
 21 July 1972 14 December 2006
(abdicated)
 Son of Jigme Dorji Wangchuck Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan
Jigme Khesar Namgyel
(1980-02-21) 21 February 1980 (age 38)
 14 December 2006 Incumbent Son of Jigme Singye Wangchuck Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck of Bhutan


See also[edit]



  • Druk Desi

  • Je Khenpo

  • Dual system of government

  • Druk Gyalpo

  • House of Wangchuck

  • Constitution of Bhutan

  • History of Bhutan



Notes[edit]





  1. ^ The original title is
    སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱག་མཛོད    ་; desi chhak zod.




References[edit]





  1. ^ Worden, Robert L.; Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.) (1991). "Chapter 6 – Bhutan: Administrative Integration and Conflict with Tibet, 1651–1728". Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies (3rd ed.). Federal Research Division, United States Library of Congress. ISBN 0-8444-0777-1. Retrieved 27 December 2010.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Dorji, C. T. (1995). A Political & Religious History of Bhutan, 1651–1906. Delhi, India: Sangay Xam; Prominent Publishers. Retrieved 12 August 2011.


  3. ^  This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress document: Worden, Robert L. (September 1991). Savada, Andrea Matles, ed. "Bhutan: A country study". Federal Research Division. Civil Conflict, 1728–72.


  4. ^ "The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 18 July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2010.




Further reading[edit]




  • Petech, Luciano (1972). The Rulers of Bhutan c. 1650–1750. Oriens Extremus. 19. Hamburg: Zeitschrift für Sprache, Kunst und Kultur der Länder des Fernen Ostens. pp. 203–213.


  • Dorji, C. T. (1997). Blue annals of Bhutan. Vikas. Retrieved 14 August 2011.


  • Truhart, Peter (1985). Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states and their political representatives in past and present. Regents of Nations: Systematic Chronology of States and Their Political Representatives in Past and Present : a Biographical Reference Book, Peter Truhart. 2. Saur. pp. 1005 et seq. ISBN 3-598-10493-6. Retrieved 14 August 2011.


  • Raha, Manis Kumar; Khan, Iar Ali (1993). Polity, political process, and social control in South Asia: the tribal and rural perspectives. Gyan. p. 78. ISBN 81-212-0413-5. Retrieved 14 August 2011.




  • Dorji, C. T. (2004). Sources of Bhutanese history. Prominent Publishers. pp. 330 et seq. ISBN 81-86239-16-2. Retrieved 14 August 2011.


  • Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward (1910). India and Tibet: a history of the relations which have subsisted between the two countries from the time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a particular account of the mission to Lhasa of 1904. J. Murray. Retrieved 14 August 2011.











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