The Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands[1] was an operational commander of the Royal Navy. His subordinate units, establishments, and staff were sometimes informally known as the Orkneys and Shetlands Command; they were charged with the administration of the Orkney and Shetland Islands and operating and defending the fleet base at Scapa Flow that was the main anchorage for both the Home Fleet and Grand Fleet at various times.
Contents
1History
2Admiral Commanding First World War
3Subordinate commanders First World War
3.1Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa
3.2Flag Officer Shetlands
4Admiral Commanding Second World War
5Subordinate commanders Second World War
5.1Flag Officer, Scapa Flow/Rear-Admiral Scapa
5.2Admiral-superintendent Lyness
5.3Admiral-superintendent Orkney
6Orkneys and Shetland Command
6.1Shore units
6.2Naval units
7References
8Attribution
9External links
History[edit]
The Orkney and Shetland command was usually only formed at the outbreak of war to provide for the defence and administration of the main base for the Home Fleet. The duties of the Admiral Commanding were laid down as being responsible, under the orders of the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet, for administration of naval defences, naval establishments, and shore duties generally in the Orkneys and Shetlands.
During the First World War and the Second World War the Rear-Admiral, Scapa Flow served under him, with a position similar to that of an Admiral Superintendent of a dockyard port. Directly under his orders were the Northern Patrol, Shetlands Patrols, the Officer Commanding Troops Orkney, the Officer Commanding Troops Shetlands, the Admiralty Port Officer Kirkwall, the Rear-Admiral commanding the local minefields and the officers responsible for the extended defences, the local defence flotilla and the Orkney Trawler Patrols.[2] He was responsible for the patrolling of the area from Wick to Cape Wrath.[3]
During the Second World War the Rear-Admiral, Scapa Flow continued to serve under him.
Admiral Commanding First World War[edit]
Flag Officer commanding:[4]
Rank
Flag
Name
Term
Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetland
1
Admiral
Sir Stanley Cecil James Colville
7 September 1914 – 19 January 1916
2
Admiral
Sir Frederic Edward Errington Brock
20 January 1916 – 11 March 1918
3
Admiral
Sir Herbert E. King-Hall
28 January 1918 – 1 March 1919
4
Vice-Admiral
Sir Robert John Prendergast
1 March 1919 – 9 January 1920
Subordinate commanders First World War[edit]
Flag officer commanding:[5] The role was similar to that of Admiral Superintendent of a dockyard port
Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa[edit]
Rank
Flag
Name
Term
Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa
1
Rear-Admiral
Francis Miller
September 1914 – April, 1916 January 1916
2
Rear-Admiral
Robert Prendergast
May 1916 – September 1917 1918
Flag Officer Shetlands[edit]
Rank
Flag
Name
Term
Flag Officer Shetlands
1
Rear-Admiral
Rear Admiral Clement Greatorex
October 1917
The Command was deactivated during interwar years 9 January 1920 – September 1939
Admiral Commanding Second World War[edit]
Flag officer commanding
Rank
Flag
Name
Term
Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetland
1
Vice-Admiral
Sir Wilfred Franklin French
July 1939 – 20 December 1939 [6]
2
Vice-Admiral
Sir Hugh Binney
20 December 1939 – 7 January 1942
3
Vice-Admiral
Sir Lionel Wells
7 January - October 1943
4
Vice-Admiral
Sir Henry Harwood
April 1944 - March 1945
Subordinate commanders Second World War[edit]
Flag Officer, Scapa Flow/Rear-Admiral Scapa[edit]
Flag officer commanding[7]
Rank
Flag
Name
Term
Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa
1
Rear-Admiral
Patrick Macnamara (rtd.)
1 September 1940 - March 1945
Admiral-superintendent Lyness[edit]
Rank
Flag
Name
Term
Admiral Superintendent Lyness[8]
1
Rear-Admiral
Patrick Macnamara (rtd.)
3 October 1940 - March 1945
Admiral-superintendent Orkney[edit]
Rank
Flag
Name
Term
Admiral Superintendent Orkney
1
Rear-Admiral
Patrick Macnamara (rtd.)
1 May 1942 - March 1945
Orkneys and Shetland Command[edit]
The Orkneys and Shetlands Command was formed at the outbreak World War One to establish and maintain the Grand Fleet's principal base at Scapa Flow.[9][10][11]
Shore units[edit]
Included:[12]
Unit
Date
Notes
HMS Fox (shore establishment)
Lerwick Naval Base
HMS Pyramus (shore establishment)
Kirkwall Naval Base
Naval units[edit]
Included:[13]
Unit
Date
Notes
5th Minesweeper Flotilla
04/1942-02/1944
6th Minesweeper Flotilla
07/1941-12/1942
21st Minesweeper Flotilla
1918
Northern Patrol
1914-1918, 1939-1945
Operating within the Orkneys & Shetland Command under VAdm Comm NP
Scapa Local Defence Flotilla
1914-1918
References[edit]
^Haarr, Geirr H. (2013). The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 - April 1940. Seaforth Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 9781473832732..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^Grand Fleet Order 107.
^Grand Fleet Order 136.
^Watson, Graham. "Organisation of the Royal Navy 1914 to 1918, The Home Commands World War One". naval-history.net. Naval History.Net, 27 October 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
^Watson, Graham. "Organisation of the Royal Navy 1914 to 1918, The Home Commands World War One". naval-history.net. Naval History.Net, 27 October 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
^Haarr, Geirr H. (2013). The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 - April 1940. Seaforth Publishing. pp. 2–16. ISBN 9781473832732.
^"Patrick Macnamara Life and Career Post War". dreadnoughtproject.org. The Dreadnought Project.Org, 13 June 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
^"Admiral Superintendent's Office, Lyness". nationalarchives.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
^Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1919-1939". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 2 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
^Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Orgnisation in World War 2, 1939-1945". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 19 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
^Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1914-1918". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 27 October 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
^Watson. 2015
^Watson. 2015
Attribution[edit]
Primary source for this article is by Harley, Simon and Lovell Tony, Admiral. (2015), Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands, http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org
External links[edit]
The Dreadnought project
Naval-history.net
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