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Tax Foundation

Motto	Educating Taxpayers Since 1937
Formation	December 5, 1937; 81 years ago (1937-12-05) New York City, New York, U.S.
Type	Think tank
Headquarters	1325 G Street NW, Suite 950
Location	Washington, D.C., U.S.
President	Scott A. Hodge
Website	taxfoundation.org

Taxation
An aspect of fiscal policy
Policies Government revenue Tax revenue Non-tax revenue Tax law Tax bracket Tax threshold Exemption Credit Deduction Tax shift Tax cut Tax holiday Tax advantage Tax incentive Tax reform Tax harmonization Tax competition Double taxation Representation Unions Medical savings account Tax, tariff and trade
Economics General Theory Price effect Excess burden Tax incidence Laffer curve Optimal tax Theory Optimal capital income taxation Distribution of Tax Tax rate Flat Progressive Regressive Proportional
Collection Revenue service Revenue stamp Tax assessment Taxable income Tax lien Tax refund Tax shield Tax residence Tax preparation Tax investigation Tax shelter Private tax collection Tax farming
Noncompliance General Tax avoidance Tax evasion Tax resistance Tax shelter Smuggling Black market Unreported employment Corporate Tax inversion Transfer mispricing Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) Double Irish Dutch Sandwich Single Malt Irish Green Jersey Locations Tax havens Corporate tax havens Offshore financial centres (OFCs) Offshore magic circle Conduit and Sink OFCs Financial centres Financial Secrecy Index Major examples Apple €13 billion EU fine Luxembourg Leaks Leprechaun economics Paradise Papers Panama Papers Ireland as a tax haven United States as a tax haven Panama as a tax haven
Types Direct Indirect Per unit Ad valorem In rem Capital gains Carbon Consumption Dividend Ecotax Excise Fuel Georgist Gift Gross receipts Income Inheritance (estate) Land value Payroll Pigovian Property Sales Sin Single Stamp Steering Turnover Value-added (VAT) Corporate profit Excess profits Windfall profits Negative (income) Wealth
International Financial transaction tax Currency transaction tax European Union Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) Tobin tax Spahn tax Tax equalization Tax treaty Permanent establishment Transfer pricing European Union FTT Foreign revenue rule
Trade Custom Duty Tariff Import Export Tariff war Free trade Free trade zone Trade agreement ATA Carnet
Research Academic Mihir A. Desai Dhammika Dharmapala James R. Hines Jr. Ronen Palan Joel Slemrod Gabriel Zucman Advocacy Groups Tax Justice Network (TJN) Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (ITEP) Oxfam (UK) Tax Foundation (US) Tax Policy Center (US)
Religious Church tax Eight per thousand Teind Tithe Fiscus Judaicus Leibzoll Temple tax Tolerance tax Jizya Kharaj Khums Nisab Zakat
By country All Countries List of countries by tax rates Tax revenues as % of GDP Tax rates in Europe Individual Countries Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bhutan Brazil Bulgaria BVI Canada China Colombia Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong Iceland India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kazakhstan Lithuania Malta Namibia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Palestine Peru Philippines Poland Russia Singapore South Africa Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania United Kingdom United States Uruguay
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The Tax Foundation is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank, founded in 1937, that collects data and publishes research studies on U.S. tax policies at both the federal and state levels.^[1][2] The Foundation's stated mission is to "improve lives through tax policy research and education that leads to greater economic growth and opportunity."^[3] The Tax Foundation is organized as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit educational and research organization.

The Tax Foundation was founded in 1937 by a group of prominent businessmen in order to "monitor the tax and spending policies of government agencies".^[4][5] It is generally critical of tax increases and high taxation.^[6][7][8] The organization is organized into three primary areas of research, carried out by the Foundation's Center for Federal Tax Policy,^[9] the Center for State Tax Policy^[10] and the Center for Legal Reform.^[11] The group is known for its annual reports such as Facts & Figures: How Does Your State Compare,^[12] which was first produced in 1941,^[13] and its "Tax Freedom Day" brochures,^[14] which it has produced since the early 1970s.

History

The Tax Foundation was organized on December 5, 1937 in New York City by Alfred P. Sloan Jr., Chairman of the General Motors Corporation; Donaldson Brown, GM Financial Vice President; William S. Farish, President of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (Exxon); and Lewis H. Brown, President of Johns-Manville Corporation, who later became the first Chairman of the Board of The Tax Foundation.^[4]
The stated goal of the organization was "to monitor the tax and spending policies of government agencies".^[5] Its offices were located at 50 Rockefeller Plaza and later 30 Rockefeller Plaza.

The Tax Foundation's first project was a successful effort to stop a tax increase in Westchester County, New York, where they provided research and analysis (including an "Expenditure Survey" of state spending) to local activists.^[5] By 1943, the Tax Foundation had helped set up taxpayers associations and expenditure councils in 35 states.^[5]

During World War II, Tax Foundation research emphasized restraining government spending domestically to finance wartime expenditures. In 1948, the Tax Foundation opened an office in Washington, D.C., and in 1978 relocated there completely.^[5] Its research and analysis has historically emphasized publicizing federal and state financial information, arguing against the use of tax systems for "social engineering," and urging "broad bases and low rates" tax reform.^[5]

Beginning in 1990, the Tax Foundation "operate[d] as a separate unit" of Citizens for a Sound Economy.^[15] By July 1991, it was again operating as an independent 501(c)(3) organization.^[16]

Beginning in 2009, the Tax Foundation's offices were located in the National Press Building in Washington, D.C.^[17] In 2015, the organization moved to its current location on G Street.^[18]

Goals and principles

The Tax Foundation states that its research is guided by what it calls the principles of sound tax policy: simplicity, transparency, neutrality, and stability.^[19]

Tax Foundation research is generally critical of tax increases,^{[6][7][8][20]} high business taxes,^[21]excise taxes,^[22] tax preferences for the housing industry,^[23] and use of tax credits (which the Foundation views as "picking winners and losers").^[24][25] The Foundation has spoken favorably of efforts to balance the federal budget with tax reform and significant spending cuts, such as the Bowles-Simpson plan,^[26] the Ryan Plan,^[27] and the Wyden-Coats plan.^[28]

Organizational overview

Ideology

The Tax Foundation describes itself as an "independent tax policy research organization".^[29] They are cited in the media as a nonpartisan or bipartisan organization,^{[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]} and are also described as business-friendly or conservative.^[38][1][2]

Board of directors

As of 2016, the organization's board of directors consists of David P. Lewis (Chairman), James W. Lintott, Bill Archer, Philip English, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Stephen Kranz, Sarah McGill, and Pamela F. Olson, Tom Roesser, and Scott Hodge.^[39]

Finances

The Tax Foundation accepts grants from foundations, corporations, and individuals. It does not solicit or accept funds from government sources.^[40] The Tax Foundation has earned a 3 out of 4 star financial rating and 4 out of 4 star accountability and transparency rating from Charity Navigator.^[41]

Activities

Since 2013, the Tax Foundation has offered guidance to same-sex married couples filing income taxes at the state level, where local laws recognizing same-sex marriage can vary considerably.^[47][48]

Every year, the Tax Foundation calculates and announces Tax Freedom Days in the United States. These studies have been criticized by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP), a progressive think tank, and in turn the Tax Foundation has responded to or criticized CBPP reports.^{[49][50][51][52]} However, the two groups have worked together on analysis of the marriage penalty in the US federal income tax.^[53]

Criticism from Paul Krugman

In opinion editorials for the New York Times, economist Paul Krugman has characterized the Tax Foundation as "not a reliable source" while criticizing a report by the Tax Foundation comparing corporate tax rates in the United States to those in other countries.^[54] Krugman has also accused the Tax Foundation of "deliberate fraud" in connection with a report it issued concerning the American Jobs Act.^[55] The Tax Foundation has published various responses to Krugman's criticisms.^[56][57]

See also

• Americans For Fair Taxation


• Americans for Tax Reform


• Citizens for Tax Justice


• Council on State Taxation


• Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy


• National Taxpayers Union


• Tax Policy Center


• Tax Justice Network

References

External links

• Official website


• 
  Organizational Profile – National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute)