Lord William Bentinck
Lieutenant General The Right Honourable Lord William Bentinck GCB GCH | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Governor-General of India | |
In office 1828 – 20 March 1835 | |
| Monarch | William IV |
| Prime Minister | See list
|
| Succeeded by | Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt As Acting Governor-General |
| Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William | |
In office 4 July 1828 – 1833 | |
| Monarch | George IV William IV |
| Prime Minister | The Duke of Wellington The Earl Grey |
| Preceded by | William Butterworth Bayley As Acting Governor-General |
| Governor of Madras | |
In office 30 August 1803 – 11 September 1807 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | See list
|
| Preceded by | The 2nd Baron Clive |
| Succeeded by | William Petrie As Acting Governor |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 14 September 1774 (1774-09-14) Buckinghamshire, England |
| Died | 17 June 1839(1839-06-17) (aged 64) Paris, France |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Whig |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Mary Acheson (d. 1843) |
| Children | not |
| Parents | William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland Lady Dorothy Cavendish |
| Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Royal Guelphic Order |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1791–1839 |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Commands | 11th Regiment of Light Dragoons India |
| Battles/wars | Napoleonic Wars |
Lieutenant-General Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck GCB GCH PC (14 September 1774 – 17 June 1839), known as Lord William Bentinck, was a British soldier and statesman. He served as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. He has been credited for significant social and educational reforms in India including abolishing Sati, suppression of female infanticide and human sacrifices,[1] and ending lawlessness by eliminating Thuggee along with his chief captain, William Henry Sleeman, which had existed over 450 years. He along with Thomas Babington Macaulay introduced English as the language of instruction in India.[2][3][4]
Contents
1 Background
2 Early career
2.1 Bentinck in Sicily
2.2 The Italian Adventure
3 Governor-General of India
4 Saint Helena Act 1833
5 Personal life
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Background
Bentinck was born in Buckinghamshire, the second son of Prime Minister William Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, and Lady Dorothy, only daughter of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire. Upon the third duke's marriage to Lady Dorothy, he changed the family name to Cavendish-Bentinck.[5]
Early career
In 1783, at the age of 9, he was given the sinecure of Clerk of the Pipe for life.[6]
Bentinck joined the Coldstream Guards on 28 January 1791 at the age of 16, purchasing an ensign's commission.[7] He was promoted to captain-lieutenant (lieutenant) in the 2nd Regiment of Dragoons on 4 August 1792,[8] and to captain in the 11th Regiment of Light Dragoons on 6 April 1793.[9] He was promoted to major in the 28th Foot on 29 March 1794[10] and to lieutenant-colonel in the 24th Dragoons that July.[11] On 9 January 1798, Bentinck was promoted to colonel.[12] In 1803 he was, to some surprise, appointed Governor of Madras, and was promoted to major-general on 1 January 1805.[13] Although his tenure was moderately successful, it was brought to an end by a mutiny at Vellore in 1806, prompted by Bentinck's order that the native troops be forbidden to wear their traditional attire. Only after serious violence was order restored and the offending policy rescinded, and Bentinck was recalled in 1807.
After service in the Peninsular War, Bentinck was appointed commander of British troops in Sicily. He was brevetted to lieutenant-general on 3 March 1811.[14] A Whig, Bentinck used this position to meddle in internal Sicilian affairs, effecting the withdrawal from government of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies in favour of his son, Francis I of the Two Sicilies, the reactionary Queen's disgrace, and an attempt to devise a constitutional government for the troubled island, all of which ultimately ended in failure. In 1814, Bentinck landed with British and Sicilian troops at Genoa, and commenced to make liberal proclamations of a new order in Italy which embarrassed the British government (which intended to give much of Italy to Austria), and led, once again, to his recall in 1815.
Bentinck in Sicily
As conditions in Sicily began to deteriorate at the beginning of the 19th century, England began worrying about its interests in the Mediterranean. Internal dissensions in the Sicilian government and an ever-increasing suspicion that Queen Maria Carolina was in correspondence with the French Occupation of Sicily as its object led to the appointment of Bentinck as British representative to the Court of Palermo in July 1811.[15] At the beginning of his time at the head of Sicilian affairs, politicians in London opposed the Bourbon rule and appealed for Sicilian annexation. Bentinck was sympathetic to the cause and plight of the Sicilians and "was quickly convinced of the need for Britain to intervene in Sicilian affairs, not so much for Britain's sake as for the well-being of the Sicilians."[16] He was also one of the first of the dreamers to see a vision of a unified Italy.[15]
The English, however, were content to support the Bourbons if they were willing to give the Sicilians more governmental control and a greater respect of their rights. Bentinck saw this as the perfect opportunity to insert his ideas of a Sicilian constitution. Opposition to the establishment of a constitution continued to surface, Maria Carolina proving to be one of the toughest. Her relationship with Bentinck can be summed up in the nickname that she gave him: La bestia feroce (the ferocious beast).[16] Bentinck, however, was determined to see the establishment of a Sicilian Constitution and shortly thereafter exiled Maria Carolina from Palermo. On 18 June 1812 the Parliament assembled in Palermo and, about a month later, on 20 July 1812 the constitution was accepted and written on the basis of 15 articles, on the drafts prepared by Prince Belmonte and other Sicilian noblemen. With the establishment of the constitution the Sicilians had now gained an autonomy they had never experienced before. The constitution set up the separation of the legislative and executive powers and abolished the feudalistic practices that had been established and recognised for the past 700 years.[15]
Bentinck's success in establishing a Sicilian constitution lasted only a few years. On 8 December 1816, a year after Ferdinand IV returned to the throne of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the constitution was abolished and Sicily was reunited with Naples. The constitutional experiment was deemed a failure although it cannot be said to be his alone.[15] The Sicilian nobles were inexperienced and in the face of the difficulties of 1814 and 1815 could not sustain a constitution without British support, which was withdrawn in the wake of the end of the Napoleonic wars. The British no longer had an invested interest in the internal affairs of Sicily now that the threat of French invasion had been removed. The establishment of a Sicilian constitution that was facilitated by Bentinck was not to be soon forgotten. The ideas found therein and the small taste of freedom lingered in the memories of the Sicilians and had an influence on the desire for autonomy that was at the base of the Sicilian revolutions of 1820 and 1848.[16]
The Italian Adventure
Elisa Bonaparte; whom Bentinck would not countenance retaining the Principality of Lucca and Piombino, first granted to her by Napoleon in 1805.
Territory of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in 1796
Northern Italy in 1814.
Portrait of Napoleon as King of Italy. He renounced the Italian throne, along with the French, on 11 April 1814.
Sailing from Sicily on 30 January 1814, Bentinck first made for Naples. There he reluctantly signed an armistice with Joachim Murat; whom he personally detested as being a man whose "whole life had been a crime," yet whom Britain found it expedient to detach from his brother-in-law, Napoleon, by guaranteeing his Kingdom of Naples in return for an alliance.[17] Having instructed the forces under his command in Sicily to make a landing at Livorno, Bentinck then travelled north, with a day's stop in Rome, to join them.[18] The disembarkation at Livorno began on the 9 March and took three days to complete, Murat's Neapolitans already having occupied the port beforehand.[19]
Napoleon's sister Elisa, though having now abandoned her Grand Duchy of Tuscany, had nevertheless not given up completely in attempting to salvage something out of the collapse of her brother's Empire. Having obtained from Murat - husband of her sister Caroline - the guarantee that he would obtain the consent of the Coalition he had just joined to her retention of the Principality of Lucca and Piombino in return for having rendered up Tuscany without a fight, she had, by the time of Bentinck's appearance at Livorno, retired to Lucca. Upon hearing of his landing, she sent a delegation to gain assurances that Murat's pact would be respected. Bentinck replied that it would not. If she did not depart immediately, he said, she would arrested. With 2,000 British troops dispatched towards the city to carry out this threat, the heavily pregnant Elisa had no choice but to abandon the last of her territories and flee north, where she eventually fell into allied hands at Bologna.[20]
Elisa quit Lucca on the 13 March. The next day, Bentinck issued a proclamation from Livorno calling on the Italian nation to rise in a movement of liberation. "Italians!" he declared, "Great Britain has landed her troops on your shores; she holds out her hand to you to free you from the iron yoke of Buonaparte...hesitate no longer...assert your rights and your liberty. Call us, and we will hasten to you, and then, our forces joined, will effect that Italy may become what in the best times she was".[21] In thus attempting to bring about his long-nurtured dream of an independent Italian nation-state in the north and centre (he did not consider the Neapolitans and Sicilians 'Italians'),[22] Bentinck was quite publicly repudiating the policy of his own Government - which was intending to largely restore the status quo ante bellum in Italy; with Austria in possession of Lombardy and the King of Sardinia re-established in Piedmont. For the next month, Bentinck was therefore operating as effectively an independent actor representative of Britain only, as Rosselli says, in the widest sense: in that he held himself to be furthering Britain's true interests, regardless of whether the current Government recognised them or not.[23]
Ordering his troops north to besiege Genoa, Bentinck himself now headed to Reggio Emilia for a conference with Murat. At this conference on the 15th, he brazenly demanded that Tuscany be handed over to himself and evacuated by the Neapolitan forces then in possession of it. It was necessary, he argued, that Tuscany be under British jurisdiction, as otherwise he would have no logistical base from which to conduct future operations - to which Murat replied that it was the same argument on his side which dictated his own necessary possession of it.[24] Suddenly threatening to turn his forces against Naples itself and restore the rightful Ferdinand IV if Murat did not give way, Bentinck was quickly reprimanded in a firm note from Castlereagh reminding him that he was instructed to co-operate in every way with Murat and Austria. At which he reluctantly withdrew his bid for Tuscany - which he had likely been hoping to turn into the nucleus of a free Italian state under his own aegis - and left for Genoa.[25] There had, in any case, been no discernable response from the Tuscans to Bentinck's proclamation, while in Genoa he would find a welcoming audience at last.[26]
Bentinck had been ordered to take and occupy Genoa in the name of the King of Sardinia.[27] But when the city surrendered to him on 18 April 1814, he instead proclaimed - contrary to the intentions of the Coalition - the restoration of the Republic of Genoa and the repeal of all laws passed since 1797, much to the enthusiasm of the Genoese.[28] At the same time, he dispatched an expeditionary force to Corsica to attempt to revive the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom of 1794 - 1796 and gain for Britain another useful base in the Mediterranean.[29] In Genoa meanwhile, on the 24th, he received representations from the provisional government in Milan beseeching Britain's support for the maintenance of an independent Kingdom of Italy rather than the restoration of Austria's rule over Lombardy. With Napoleon's abdication of both the French and Italian thrones on 11 April, the government in Milan was in search of a new sovereign who would better bolster their chances of survival and, in seeking to bind Britain to their cause, the suggestion was put to Bentinck that Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the seventh son of George III, would be a welcome candidate.[29] Though Bentinck recommended they might look to Archduke Francis of Este as a more realistic candidate in order to mollify the Austrians.
With Napoleon's double abdication on the 11 April however - though the news took time to cross the Alps - Bentinck's capacity to influence events on the ground while, with the war against the Emperor still raging, all was still to a great extent up in the air, largely came to an end. As did his Government's motive for toleration. His erratic behaviour over the recent months had led the Prime Minister Lord Liverpool to brand him simply "mad", and his scope of authority was sharply reduced; though he was not finally dismissed from his grand post as Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean until April the following year.
Governor-General of India
Lord William Bentick was the first governor general of British India . Everyone else before him was the governor of Bengal (Fort William)
On his return to England, Bentinck served in the House of Commons for some years before being appointed Governor-General of Bengal in 1828. His principal concern was to turn around the loss-making East India Company, to ensure that its charter would be renewed by the British government.
Lady William Cavendish-Bentinck (c 1783–1843) (Ellen Sharples)
Bentinck engaged in an extensive range of cost-cutting measures, earning the lasting enmity of many military men whose wages were cut. Although historians emphasise his more efficient financial management, his modernising projects also included a policy of westernisation, influenced by the Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, which was more controversial. He reformed the court system
Bentinck made major educational reforms he made English the medium of instruction after passing the English Education Act 1835, English replaced Persian, as the language of the higher courts and encouraged western-style education for Indians to provide more educated Indians for service in the British bureaucracy.[30][31] He founded the Calcutta Medical college after the committee appointed by him found that "The Native Medical Institution established in 1822 , The Committee headed by Dr John Grant as president and J C C Sutherland, C E Trevelyan, Thomas Spens, Ram Comul Sen and M J Bramley as members found the education, examination system, training and lack of practical anatomy clearly below standards" and recommended its closure, which Bentinck accepted and he opened the Calcutta Medical college which offered western medical education and opening of this college is seen as Introduction of Western Science into India.It was the first western medical college in Asia and it was open to all without distinction of caste or creed. James Ranald Martin compares the creation of this college to Bentinck's other acclaimed act of abolishing Sati [32][33][34][35][36][37]
Bentinck tried to suppress sati, the prescribed death of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre, and passed the Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829. He also targeted other customs that offended Western sensibilities, often with the help of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who was not only a social reformer but also known as "Maker of Modern India" or "Father of Modern India".[38][page needed] The "superstitious practices" Rammohan Roy objected to included sati', caste rigidity, polygamy and child marriages and Lord Bentinck helped him to enforce the law.[39][full citation needed] Although his reforms met little resistance among native Indians at the time, Indian enemies repeated a story to the effect that he had once planned to demolish the Taj Mahal and sell off the marble. According to Bentinck's biographer John Rosselli, the story arose from Bentinck's fund-raising sale of discarded marble from Agra Fort and of the metal from the Great Agra Gun, the largest cannon ever cast, a historical artefact which dated to the reign of Akbar the Great.[40][41] The efforts to eradicate the Thugs, a community of robber-murderers, were also started under Bentinck, and directed by William Henry Sleeman and organised thuggery was completely eradicated by 1837. Bentinck removed flogging as a punishment in the Indian Army.[42]
Saint Helena Act 1833
The Saint Helena Act 1833, also called the Charter Act of 1833, was passed during Bentinck's tenure and, accordingly, monopoly of the East India Company was abolished. The Governor-General of Bengal became the Governor-General of India. This Act added a law member to the executive council of the governor general. Bishops of Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta were to be appointed for the benefit of the Christians in India.
Bentinck returned to the UK in 1835 and refused a peerage, partly because he had no children and partly because he wanted to stand for Parliament again. He again entered the House of Commons as a Member for Glasgow.[43]
Personal life
Memorial at the Bentinck family vault in St Marylebone Parish Church, London
In August 1791, Bentinck played in a non-first-class cricket match for Marylebone Cricket Club against Nottingham Cricket Club at King's Meadow, Nottingham.[44][45]
Bentinck married Lady Mary, daughter of Arthur Acheson, 1st Earl of Gosford, on 18 February 1803.[46] The marriage was childless. He died in Paris on 17 June 1839, aged 64. Mary died in May 1843.[47] They are buried together in the Bentinck family vault in St Marylebone Parish Church, London.
References
^ Showick Thorpe Edgar Thorpe (2009). The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e. Pearson Education India. pp. 103–. ISBN 978-81-317-2133-9. Retrieved 2 May 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (2002). History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 113–127. ISBN 978-81-269-0085-5. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
^ Jörg Fisch (2000). "Humanitarian Achievement or Administrative Necessity? Lord William Bentinck and the Abolition of Sati in 1829". Journal of Asian History. 34: 109–134. JSTOR 41933234.
^ Arvind Sharma; Ajit Ray (1988). Sati: Historical and Phenomenological Essays. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 7–9. ISBN 978-81-208-0464-7. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
^ Demetrius Charles Boulger (1897). Rulers of India: Lord William Bentinck. Oxford Clarendon Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-164-16873-7.
^ Taylor, Charles. The Literary Panorama, Volume 10. p. 1411.
^ "No. 13278". The London Gazette. 29 January 1791. p. 64.
^ "No. 13446". The London Gazette. 31 July 1792. p. 606.
^ "No. 13516". The London Gazette. 2 April 1793. p. 269.
^ "No. 13635". The London Gazette. 25 March 1794. p. 264.
^ "No. 13686". The London Gazette. 19 July 1794. p. 748.
^ "No. 14080". The London Gazette. 6 January 1798. p. 23.
^ "No. 15770". The London Gazette. 8 January 1805. p. 47.
^ "No. 16460". The London Gazette. 2 March 1811. p. 406.
^ abcd Lackland, H. M. (1927). "Lord William Bentinck in Sicily, 1811–12". The English Historical Review. 42 (167): 371–396.
^ abc Hearder, Harry (1983). Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento 1790–1870. New York: Longmans.
^ Gregory, Sicily: The Insecure Base, 119; Rosselli, Lord William Bentinck, 175.
^ Rosselli, Lord William Bentinck, 173.
^ Nafziger, G. F. & Gioannini M., The Defense of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Northern Italy, 1813-1814, 209.
^ Williams, The Women Bonapartes, II, 299 - 302.
^ The Parliamentary Debates from the Year 1803 to the Present Time, Volume 29, 729.
^ Rosselli, Lord William Bentinck, 151.
^ Rosselli, Lord William Bentinck, 174.
^ Nafziger, G. F. & Gioannini M., The Defense of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Northern Italy, 1813-1814, 210.
^ Gregory, D., Sicily: The Insecure Base, 120.
^ Gregory, D., Napoleon's Italy, 183.
^ Rath, J. R., The Fall of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, 1814, 186.
^ Gregory, Sicily: The Insecure Base, 120.
^ ab Boulger, Lord William Bentinck, 52.
^ Olson, James S.; Shadle, Robert S. (1996). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. p. 131.
^ Belliapa, C. P. (21 April 2014). "On William Bentinck's trail". Deccan Herald (Bangalore). Retrieved 19 January 2015.
^ David Arnold (20 April 2000). Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–. ISBN 978-0-521-56319-2. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ Debi Prasad Chattopadhyaya (1999). History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization: pt. 1. Science, technology, imperialism and war. Pearson Education India. pp. 477–. ISBN 978-81-317-2818-5. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ Michael Mann (24 October 2014). South Asia’s Modern History: Thematic Perspectives. Taylor & Francis. pp. 463–. ISBN 978-1-317-62445-5. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ Shamita Chatterjee; Ramdip Ray; Dilip Kumar Chakraborty (3 August 2012). "Medical College Bengal—A Pioneer Over the Eras". Indian Journal of Surgery. 73 (3): 385–390. PMC 3824763.
^ "Students demand restoration of the old name of Calcutta Medical College". Krishnendu Bandyopadhyay. The Times of India. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ Mel Gorman (September 1988). "Introduction of Western Science into Colonial India: Role of the Calcutta Medical College". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 132: 276–298. JSTOR 3143855.
^ Beck, Rodger B.; et al. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-18488-0.
^ Bandyopadyay, Brahendra N (1933). "Rommohan Roy". 351. London: University Press.
^ Cooper, Randolf (2003). The Anglo-Maratha Campaigns and the Contest for India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 198.
^ Rosselli, J (1974). Lord William Bentinck: the making of a Liberal Imperialist, 1774–1839. London: Chatto and Windus for Sussex University Press. p. 283.
^ S. K. Aggarwal (1 February 1988). Press at the crossroads in India. UDH Publishing House. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-85044-32-3. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ Boulger, p. 208.
^ Britcher, Samuel (1791). A list of all the principal Matches of Cricket that have been played (1790 to 1805). MCC. p. 22.
^ Haygarth, Arthur (1862). Scores & Biographies, Volume 1 (1744–1826). Lillywhite. p. 123.
^ Boulger, p. 17.
^ Boulger, p. 148.
Further reading
.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}
"Bentinck, Lord William Henry Cavendish". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2161.
(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Rulers of India: Lord William Bentinck – available at the Internet Archive
Harrington, Jack (2010), Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India, Ch. 5., New York: Palgrave Macmillan., ISBN 978-0-230-10885-1
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lord William Bentinck. |
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Lord William Bentinck
Biography of Lord William Bentinck, includes links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham
Parliament of Great Britain | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by James Macpherson William Smith | Member of Parliament for Camelford 1796–1796 With: William Smith | Succeeded by William Joseph Denison John Angerstein |
| Preceded by Lord Edward Bentinck Charles Pierrepont | Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire 1796–1800 With: Evelyn Pierrepont | Succeeded by Parliament of the United Kingdom |
Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by Parliament of Great Britain | Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire 1801–1803 With: Evelyn Pierrepont 1801 Lord Pierrepont 1801–1803 | Succeeded by Lord Pierrepont Anthony Hardolph Eyre |
| Preceded by Viscount Newark Anthony Hardolph Eyre | Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire 1812–1814 With: Viscount Newark | Succeeded by Viscount Newark Frank Sotheron |
| Preceded by Viscount Newark Frank Sotheron | Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire 1816–1826 With: Frank Sotheron | Succeeded by Frank Sotheron John Lumley |
| Preceded by John Walpole Lord John Bentinck | Member of Parliament for King's Lynn 1826–1828 With: John Walpole | Succeeded by John Walpole Lord George Bentinck |
| Preceded by James Oswald Colin Dunlop | Member of Parliament for Glasgow 1836–1839 With: James Oswald 1836–1837 John Dennistoun 1837–1839 | Succeeded by John Dennistoun James Oswald |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded by William Butterworth Bayley (acting) | Governor-General of India 1828–1835 | Succeeded by Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt (acting) |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by The Lord Heathfield | Colonel of the 20th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons 1810–1813 | Succeeded by Sir Stapleton Cotton, Bt |
| Preceded by The Marquess of Lothian | Colonel of the 11th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons 1813–1839 | Succeeded by Lord Charles Manners |
| Preceded by Sir Edward Barnes | Commander-in-Chief, India 1833–1835 | Succeeded by Sir James Watson |
Commander-in-Chief, India | ||
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| East India Company |
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| British India |
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