Bedford County, Pennsylvania












































































Bedford County, Pennsylvania

Bedford County Courthouse Pennsylvania.jpg
Bedford County Courthouse


Map of Pennsylvania highlighting Bedford County
Location within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania

Map of the United States highlighting Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's location within the U.S.
Founded March 9, 1771
Named for Fort Bedford
Seat Bedford
Largest borough Bedford
Area
 • Total 1,017 sq mi (2,634 km2)
 • Land 1,012 sq mi (2,621 km2)
 • Water 4.6 sq mi (12 km2)
Population (est.)
 • (2017) 48,480
 • Density 48/sq mi (19/km2)
Congressional district 13th
Time zone
Eastern: UTC−5/−4
Website bedfordcountypa.org

Footnotes:

Pennsylvania Historical Marker
Designated October 17, 1982[1]



Bedford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 49,762.[2] The county seat is Bedford.[3]




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Geography


    • 2.1 Features


    • 2.2 Adjacent counties




  • 3 Geology


  • 4 Law and government


    • 4.1 County Commissioners


    • 4.2 State Senate


    • 4.3 State House of Representatives


    • 4.4 United States House of Representatives


    • 4.5 Politics




  • 5 Demographics


  • 6 Education


    • 6.1 Public school districts


    • 6.2 Public Charter Schools


    • 6.3 Public Vo Tech School


    • 6.4 Private schools


    • 6.5 Colleges or university




  • 7 Transportation


    • 7.1 Major highways


    • 7.2 Airports




  • 8 Recreation


  • 9 Communities


    • 9.1 Boroughs


    • 9.2 Townships


    • 9.3 Census-designated places


    • 9.4 Population ranking




  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links





History


In 1750 Robert MacRay, a Scots-Irish immigrant, opened the first trading post in Raystown (which is now Bedford) on the land that is now Bedford County. The early Anglo-American settlers had a difficult time dealing with raids from Native Americans. In 1754 fierce fighting erupted as Native Americans became allied with the British or French in the North American front, known as the French and Indian War, of the Seven Years' War between those nations in Europe.


In 1759, after the capture of Fort Duquesne in Allegheny County, on the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, English colonists built a road between the fort (which was renamed as Fort Pitt) to the newly built Fort Bedford in Raystown. The English defeated the French in the war and took over their territories in North America east of the Mississippi River. Treaties with the Indians opened more land for future peaceful settlement.


This road followed and improved on ancient Indian trails. In later years it was widened and paved as "Forbes Road"; it is now Route 30. When the Pennsylvania Turnpike was built, this interstate toll road became the main highway through Bedford County.


Bedford County was created on 9 March 1771 from part of Cumberland County and named in honor of Fort Bedford. The 1767 Mason-Dixon Line had stabilized the southern border with Maryland. In the aftermath of the American Revolution, the population increased largely due to emigration. Within a lifetime Old Bedford County was greatly reduced from its original boundaries. Huntingdon County was created on 20 September 1787, mainly from the north part of Bedford County, plus an addition of territory on the east (Big Valley, Tuscarora Valley) from Cumberland County. Somerset County was created from part of Bedford County on 17 April 1795. Centre was created on 13 February 1800 from parts of Huntingdon, Lycoming, Mifflin, and Northumberland counties. Cambria County was created on 26 March 1804 from parts of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset Counties. Blair County was created on February 26, 1846 from parts of Huntingdon and Bedford Counties. Finally Fulton County was created on 19 April 1850 from part of Bedford County, setting the county at its current boundaries.


The land was developed into lush farms with woodlands. It was developed as a trading center on the way to Pittsburgh and farther west of Pennsylvania. In 1794 President George Washington came to the county in response to the Whiskey Rebellion.




View from Glade Pike on Dry Ridge.


In the late 19th century, the Bedford Springs Hotel became an important site for wealthy vacationers. It was built near natural springs that had been important to the Native Americans for hundreds of years. During the administration of President James Buchanan, he moved much of his administration to the hotel, which became the informal summer White House.[4] The U.S. Supreme Court met at the hotel once. It was the only time that the high court met outside of the capital[citation needed].


During the late 19th century, the county had a population boom, with the number of people doubling between 1870 and 1890. Railroads constructed through the town connected the county with the mining industry. The story of the Lost Children of the Alleghenies originates from Blue Knob State Park in the county.



Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,017 square miles (2,630 km2), of which 1,012 square miles (2,620 km2) is land and 4.6 square miles (12 km2) (0.5%) is water.[5]



Features



  • Evitts Mountain

  • Morrison Cove

  • Tussey Mountain


  • Blue Knob, highest mountain in the county at approximately 3,120 feet (950 m)



Adjacent counties




  • Blair County (north)


  • Huntingdon County (northeast)


  • Fulton County (east)


  • Allegany County, Maryland (south)


  • Somerset County (west)


  • Cambria County (northwest)



Geology




Blue Knob Mountain (3,146 ft), from Helixville



Bedford County is situated along the western border of the Ridge and Valley physiographic province, which is characterized by folded and faulted sedimentary rocks of early to middle Paleozoic age. The northwestern border of the county is approximately at the Allegheny Front, a geological boundary between the Ridge and Valley Province and the Allegheny Plateau (characterized by relatively flat-lying sedimentary rocks of late Paleozoic age).[6]


The stratigraphic record of sedimentary rocks within the county spans from the Cambrian Warrior Formation to the Pennsylvanian Conemaugh Group (in the Broad Top area). No igneous or metamorphic rocks of any kind exist within the county.


The primary mountains within the county (From west to east: Wills, Evitts, Dunning, and Tussey mountains) extend from the southern border with Maryland to the northeast into Blair County, and are held up by the Silurian Tuscarora Formation, made of quartz sandstone and conglomerate. Chestnut Ridge is a broad anticline held up by the Devonian Ridgeley Member of the Old Port Formation, also made of sandstone and conglomerate. Broad Top, located north of Breezewood, is a plateau of relatively flat-lying rocks that are stratigraphically higher, and thus younger (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian), than most of the other rocks within the county (Cambrian through Devonian). Broad Top extends into Huntingdon County to the north and Fulton County to the east.


The Raystown Branch of the Juniata River is the main drainage in the northern two-thirds of the county. The river flows to the east through the mountains within the county through several water gaps caused by a group of faults trending east–west through the central part of the county. The river then turns north and flows into Raystown Lake in Huntingdon County. The southern third of the county is drained by several tributaries of the Potomac River. Both the Potomac and Juniata rivers are part of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.


Several limestone quarries exist in Bedford County, most of which are owned and operated by New Enterprise Stone and Lime Company. Quarry locations include Ashcom, New Paris, Kilcoin, and Sproul.[7]


Two coal fields exist within Bedford County. One is the Broad Top Field in the northeastern corner of the county, and the other is the Georges Creek Field along the southwestern border.[8] Both fields contain bituminous coal. There are abandoned mines in both areas and acid mine drainage is an environmental problem in the Broad Top area, where several fishless streams exist as a result of the discharge from the abandoned mines.[9]


Natural gas fields and storage areas exist in southeastern Bedford County, primarily within folded Devonian rocks south of Breezewood. Another deep gas field exists in the vicinity of Blue Knob on the border with Blair County to the north.[10]



Law and government



County Commissioners



  • Joshua D. Lang, Chairman (Republican)

  • Barry L. Dallara, Vice Chairman (Republican)

  • S. Paul Crooks, Secretary (Democrat)



State Senate



  • Wayne Langerholc, Republican, Pennsylvania's 35th Senatorial District


State House of Representatives




  • Jesse Topper, Republican, Pennsylvania's 78th Representative District


  • Carl Walker Metzgar, Republican, Pennsylvania's 69th Representative District



United States House of Representatives



  • John Joyce, Republican, Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district


Politics



Presidential elections results



















































































































































































































Presidential elections results[11]
Year

Republican

Democratic

Third parties

2016

82.6% 19,552
15.4% 3,645
2.0% 478

2012

76.8% 16,702
22.0% 4,788
1.2% 260

2008

71.5% 16,124
26.9% 6,059
1.6% 365

2004

73.2% 16,606
26.5% 6,016
0.3% 57

2000

70.0% 13,598
28.2% 5,474
1.9% 363

1996

55.5% 10,064
32.9% 5,954
11.6% 2,109

1992

49.0% 9,216
31.0% 5,840
20.0% 3,761

1988

65.6% 11,123
33.9% 5,754
0.5% 92

1984

70.6% 13,085
29.3% 5,424
0.2% 34

1980

66.6% 10,930
30.2% 4,950
3.3% 539

1976

58.0% 9,355
41.2% 6,652
0.8% 131

1972

73.3% 11,243
25.0% 3,836
1.7% 259

1968

63.5% 10,482
28.6% 4,725
7.9% 1,311

1964
46.5% 7,968

53.5% 9,165
0.1% 14

1960

67.4% 12,542
32.4% 6,030
0.2% 32

1956

65.4% 11,423
34.6% 6,038
0.1% 13

1952

63.9% 9,419
35.7% 5,255
0.4% 60

1948

61.0% 6,028
39.0% 3,851


1944

62.4% 8,703
37.1% 5,175
0.5% 68

1940

54.4% 8,864
45.3% 7,388
0.3% 49

1936

49.6% 9,014
49.2% 8,937
1.3% 230

1932

54.3% 6,597
41.8% 5,075
4.0% 480

1928

81.6% 9,602
16.7% 1,966
1.7% 199

1924

61.7% 6,154
23.2% 2,315
15.1% 1,502

1920

61.7% 5,800
27.6% 2,594
10.8% 1,011

1916

50.8% 3,729
44.4% 3,263
4.8% 350

1912
15.5% 1,140
36.7% 2,694

47.8% 3,510

1908

57.0% 4,784
38.1% 3,196
4.9% 408

1904

61.2% 5,364
34.7% 3,042
4.2% 365

1900

57.2% 4,790
41.2% 3,445
1.6% 133

1896

57.2% 4,983
41.4% 3,605
1.5% 128

1892

53.1% 4,301
45.5% 3,684
1.5% 118

1888

52.2% 4,287
46.5% 3,822
1.3% 106



As of November 2014, there are 32,327 registered voters in Bedford County.[12]




  • Democratic: 9,827 (30.40%)


  • Republican: 19,512 (60.36%)


  • Libertarian: 133 (0.41%)

  • No Party Affiliation: 1,467 (4.54%)

  • Other: 1,388 (4.29%)



Demographics



























































































































































Historical population
Census Pop.

1790 13,132
1800 12,039 −8.3%
1810 15,746 30.8%
1820 20,248 28.6%
1830 24,502 21.0%
1840 29,335 19.7%
1850 23,052 −21.4%
1860 26,736 16.0%
1870 29,635 10.8%
1880 34,929 17.9%
1890 38,644 10.6%
1900 39,468 2.1%
1910 38,879 −1.5%
1920 38,277 −1.5%
1930 37,309 −2.5%
1940 40,809 9.4%
1950 40,775 −0.1%
1960 42,451 4.1%
1970 42,353 −0.2%
1980 46,784 10.5%
1990 47,919 2.4%
2000 49,976 4.3%
2010 49,762 −0.4%
Est. 2017 48,480 [13] −2.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[14]
1790-1960[15] 1900-1990[16]
1990-2000[17] 2010-2017[2]

As of the census[18] of 2010, there were 49,762 people, 20,233 households, and 14,251 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 people per square mile (19/km²). There were 23,954 housing units at an average density of 23 per square mile (9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.0% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. 0.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.


There were 20,233 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.90.


In the county, the population was spread out with 21.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.9 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.



County poverty demographics



According to research by The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, which is a legislative Agency of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the poverty rate for Bedford County was 13.6% in 2014.[19] The statewide poverty rate was 13.6% in 2014. The 2012 childhood poverty rate by school district was: Bedford Area School District - 36.1% living at 185% or below than the Federal Poverty Level, Chestnut Ridge School District - 44.7%, Everett Area School District - 50.5%, Northern Bedford County School District - 42.4% and Tussey Mountain School District - 57.1%.[20]


Live birth rate

Bedford County's live birth rate was 560 births in 1990. The County's live birth rate in 2000 was 592 births, while in 2011 it had declined sharply to 484 babies.[21] Over the past 50 years (1960 to 2010), rural Pennsylvania saw a steady decline in both the number and proportion of residents under 18 years old. In 1960, 1.06 million rural residents, or 35 percent of the rural population, were children. Pennsylvania’s birth rate has been declining for two decades. According to data from the Pennsylvania Department of Health, in 1990, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s birth rate was 171,053.[22] In 2000, Pennsylvania’s birth rate was 145,874.[23] Finally in 2011, the State’s birth rate declined further to 142,021.[24] From 2000 to 2009, the number of babies born in rural counties declined 5 percent.[25]


Teen Pregnancy rate

Bedford County had 341 babies born to teens (age15-19) in 2011. In 2015, the number of teen births in Bedford County was 295.[26]


Ancestry

The largest ancestry groups are listed below, expressed as a percentage of total people who responded with a particular ancestry for the 2008–2012 American Community Survey:[18]



  • 34% German

  • 21% Unclassified or not

  • 11% American

  • 8% Other groups

  • 6% Irish

  • 5% English

  • 3% Italian

  • 2% Dutch

  • 1% Pennsylvania German

  • 1% Polish

  • 1% French (except Basque)

  • 1% Scottish

  • 1% Scottish-Irish

  • 1% Welsh

  • 1% Swiss



Education




Map of Bedford County, Pennsylvania School Districts



Public school districts



  • Bedford Area School District

  • Chestnut Ridge School District


  • Claysburg-Kimmel School District (also in Blair County)

  • Everett Area School District

  • Northern Bedford County School District


  • Tussey Mountain School District (also in Huntingdon County)



Public Charter Schools



  • HOPE for Hyndman Charter School, Hyndman

Pennsylvania resident students may also attend any of the Commonwealth's 13 public cyber charter schools which provide instruction via computers and the Internet.[27]



Public Vo Tech School


Bedford County Technical Center



Private schools




  • Allegheny Valley Christian School, Schellsburg


  • Christian Light School, Bedford


  • Dry Hill Parochial School, Woodbury


  • Friends Cove Mennonite School, Bedford


  • Global Power Line Academy, Claysburg


  • Golden Rule School, Martinsburg


  • Learning Lamp at Everett, Everett

  • Little Learning Lamp


  • Lone Oak Mennonite School, New Enterprise


  • Noahs Ark Kindergarten, New Park


  • Snake Spring Valley Christian Academy, Inc, Everett


  • South Cove Parochial School, New Enterprise


  • Saint Thomas School, Bedford, Pennsylvania, Bedford


  • Sunny Slope School, Woodbury


  • Woodbury Mennonite School, Woodbury



Colleges or university



  • Allegany College of Maryland campus in Everett

As reported in ED Names and Places directory maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Education August 2015



Transportation



Major highways





  • I-70 / I-76 / Penna Turnpike


  • I-99


  • US 30



  • US 30 Bus.


  • US 220



  • US 220 Bus.


  • PA 26


  • PA 31


  • PA 36


  • PA 56


  • PA 96


  • PA 164


  • PA 326


  • PA 671


  • PA 866


  • PA 867


  • PA 868


  • PA 869


  • PA 913


  • PA 915




Airports


Bedford County Airport is a public use airport in Bedford County. It is owned by the Bedford County Airport Authority and is located four nautical miles (7.4 km) north of the central business district of the borough of Bedford, Pennsylvania.



Recreation


There are 3 Pennsylvania state parks in Bedford County.




  • Blue Knob State Park site of the Blue Knob All Seasons Resort

  • Shawnee State Park

  • Warriors Path State Park


The largest borough-owned park in the county is a 77-acre community park in Everett, Pennsylvania - open to the public and available for events. Mid State Trail (Pennsylvania) and Great Eastern Trail pass through Everett and Tenley Park.


  • Tenley Park


Communities




Map of Bedford County, Pennsylvania with Municipal Labels showing Boroughs (red) and Townships (white).


Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in only one case (Bloomsburg, Columbia County), towns. The following boroughs and townships are located in Bedford County:



Boroughs




  • Bedford (county seat)

  • Coaldale

  • Everett

  • Hopewell

  • Hyndman

  • Manns Choice

  • New Paris

  • Pleasantville

  • Rainsburg

  • St. Clairsville

  • Saxton

  • Schellsburg

  • Woodbury



Townships




  • Bedford

  • Bloomfield

  • Broad Top

  • Colerain

  • Cumberland Valley

  • East Providence

  • East St. Clair

  • Harrison

  • Hopewell

  • Juniata

  • Kimmel

  • King

  • Liberty

  • Lincoln

  • Londonderry

  • Mann

  • Monroe

  • Napier

  • Pavia

  • Snake Spring

  • South Woodbury

  • Southampton

  • West Providence

  • West St. Clair

  • Woodbury




Census-designated places



  • Defiance

  • Earlston

  • Stonerstown



Population ranking


The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Bedford County.[28]


county seat


























































































































Rank
City/Town/etc.
Population (2010 Census)
Municipal type
Incorporated
1

† Bedford
2,841
Borough
1795
2

Everett
1,834
Borough
1860
3

Earlston
1,122
CDP

4

Hyndman
910
Borough
1877
5

Saxton
736
Borough
1867
6

Stonerstown
376
CDP

7

Schellsburg
338
Borough
1838
8

Manns Choice
300
Borough
1886
9

Woodbury
284
Borough
1868
10

Defiance
239
CDP

11

Hopewell
230
Borough
1895
12

Pleasantville
198
Borough
1871
13

New Paris
186
Borough
1882
14

Coaldale
161
Borough
1865
15

Rainsburg
133
Borough
1856
16

St. Clairsville
78
Borough
1867


See also


  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Bedford County, Pennsylvania


References





  1. ^ "PHMC Historical Markers Search" (Searchable database). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved January 25, 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ ab "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 16, 2013.


  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2011.


  4. ^ Locke, Karen (2016). "The Rich History of Omni Bedford Springs". Omni Hotels.


  5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2015.


  6. ^ "Geology" (PDF). www.dcnr.state.pa.us. Retrieved 20 November 2018.


  7. ^ Quarry locations[permanent dead link]


  8. ^ "Geology" (PDF). www.dcnr.state.pa.us. Retrieved 20 November 2018.


  9. ^ Acid Mine Drainage[permanent dead link]


  10. ^ "Geology" (PDF). www.dcnr.state.pa.us. Retrieved 20 November 2018.


  11. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 20 November 2018.


  12. ^ Voter Registration Statistics. Dos.state.pa.us. Retrieved on November 4, 2014.


  13. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved October 18, 2018.


  14. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2015.


  15. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 4, 2015.


  16. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 4, 2015.


  17. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved March 4, 2015.


  18. ^ ab "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2014.


  19. ^ US Census Bureau (2015). "Poverty Rates by County Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates".


  20. ^ Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center (2012). "Student Poverty Concentration 2012". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-16.


  21. ^ Pennsylvania Department of Health, Birth Age County Reports 1990 and 2011, 2011


  22. ^ Pennsylvania Department of Health, Health Statistics - Resident Live Birth rate by county, 1990


  23. ^ Pennsylvania Department of Health, Health Statistics - Resident Live Birth rate by county, 2000


  24. ^ Pennsylvania Department of Health, Health Statistics - Resident Live Birth rate by county, 2013


  25. ^ Center for Rural Pennsylvania, Number of Children Decreasing, Number of Seniors Increasing in Rural Pennsylvania, July 2011


  26. ^ Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, (2016). "Pennsylvania Teen Births 2015,".


  27. ^ Pennsylvania Department of Education (August 2015). "Charter Schools".


  28. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2016.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)







  • "THE KERNEL OF GREATNESS: An Informal Bicentennial History of Bedford County (Pennsylvania)", by Bedford County Heritage Commission (Author), B/W Illus (Illustrator), 1971, ASIN B000KYDYOE


External links



  • Geographic data related to Bedford County, Pennsylvania at OpenStreetMap



Coordinates: 40°01′N 78°29′W / 40.01°N 78.49°W / 40.01; -78.49







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