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Rottweil
Main street in Rottweil
Coat of arms
Location of Rottweil
Rottweil Show map of Germany Rottweil Show map of Baden-Württemberg
Coordinates: 48°10′5″N 8°37′29″E / 48.16806°N 8.62472°E / 48.16806; 8.62472Coordinates: 48°10′5″N 8°37′29″E / 48.16806°N 8.62472°E / 48.16806; 8.62472
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region	Freiburg
District	Rottweil
Government
• Lord Mayor	Ralf Broß
Area
• Total	71.76 km2 (27.71 sq mi)
Elevation	557 m (1,827 ft)
Population (2017-12-31)[1]
• Total	25,204
• Density	350/km2 (910/sq mi)
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	78628, 78652 (Unterrotenstein)
Dialling codes	0741, 07427 (Neukirch)
Vehicle registration	RW
Website	www.rottweil.de

Rottweil (German: [ˈʁɔtvaɪl] (listen); Swabian: Rautweil) is a town in southwest Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Rottweil was a Free Imperial City for nearly 600 years.

Located between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alps, Rottweil has about 25,000 inhabitants. The old town is famous for its medieval center and for its traditional carnival, (called "Fasnet" in the local Swabian dialect). It is the oldest town in Baden-Württemberg^[2] and its appearance has changed very little since the 16th century.

History

Imperial City of Rottweil Reichsstadt Rottweil
1140–1802
Status	Free Imperial City
Capital	Rottweil
Government	Republic
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Founded	AD 73
• Gained Imp. immediacy	1140
• Treaty with Swiss	1463
• Swiss associate	1519
• Mediatised to Württemberg	1802
Preceded by Succeeded by Duchy of Swabia Duchy of Württemberg

Imperial Abbey of Rottenmünster Reichskloster Rottenmünster
1237–1802
Status	Imperial Abbey
Capital	Rottenmünster
Government	Imperial Abbey
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Founded	9 May 1224
• Gained Imp. immediacy	1237
• Razed by Württemberg in Thirty Years' War	1643
• Mediatised to Württemberg	23 November 1802
• Abbey abandoned	1850
Preceded by Succeeded by Imperial City of Rottweil Duchy of Württemberg

Rottweil was founded by the Romans in AD 73 as Arae Flaviae and became a municipium, but there are traces of human settlement going back to 2000 BC. Roman baths and an Orpheus mosaic of c. AD 180, date from the time of Roman settlement. The present town became a ducal and a royal court before 771 and in the Middle Ages it became a Free Imperial City in 1268.

In 1463 Rottweil joined the Swiss Confederacy under the pretence of a temporary alliance. In 1476 the Rottweilers fought on the side against Karl the Bold in the Battle of Morat . In 1512, Pope Julius II gave the city a valuable "Julius banner" for their services in the 1508-1510 "Great Pavier Campaign" to expel the French.^[3] In 1519, they left the old alliance. They joined a new one in which their membership was extended indefinitely - the so-called "Eternal Covenant."

Rottweil thus became a centre of the Swiss confederation. The relations between the Swiss Confederation and Rottweil cooled rapidly during the Reformation. When Rottweil was troubled by wars, however, it still asked the Confederates for help. ^[4]

In the Rottweil Witch Hunts from 1546 to 1661, 266 so-called witches, wizards and magicians executed in the imperial city of Rottweil. On April 15th, 2015, they were given a posthumous pardon. An official apology was given by the City Council about 400 years after their violent death. ^[5]

Both its status as free city and its alliance with the Swiss Confederacy were eventually lost with the conquest of the region by Napoleon in 1803.

Lord Mayors since the 19th century

• 1820–1833: Max Joseph von Khuon, Schultheiß


• 1833–1845: Max Teufel


• 1845–1848: Karl Dinkelmann


• 1848–1851: Kaspar Rapp


• 1852–1887: Johann Baptist Marx


• 1887–1923: Edwin Glückher


• 1924–1943: Josef Abrell


• 1943–1944: Otto Mann


• 1944–1945: Paul Fritz


• 1945–1946: Franz Mederle


• 1946–1965: Arnulf Gutknecht


• 1965–1985: Ulrich Regelmann, mayor, from 1970 Lord mayor


• 1985–2001: Michael Arnold, Lord mayor


• 2001–2009: Thomas Engeser, Lord mayor


• 2009–present: Ralf Broß, Lord mayor^[6][7][8]
  

Main sights

• The late-Romanesque and Gothic-era Münster Heiliges Kreuz ("Minster of the Holy Cross"), built over a pre-existing church from 1270. It features a crucifix by Veit Stoss and noteworthy Gothic sculptures.


• 
  Kapellenkirche (1330–1340), a Gothic church with a tower and with three statue-decorated portals.


• 
  Lorenzkapelle ("Church of St. Lawrence", 16th century), in late Gothic style. It houses some two hundred works by Swabian masters and Gothic altarpieces from the 14th and 15th centuries.


• The town's museum, including a notable Roman mosaic with the legend of Orpheus.


• The late-Gothic town hall (1521).


• St. Pelagius, a Romanesque church from the 12th century. Excavations have brought to light Roman baths in the same site.


• 
  ThyssenKrupp is constructing a $45 million, 807-foot (246 m) tower. The tower is a research facility for the company and will be used to test new elevator cars and technologies. At 807 feet, it will be the tallest structure in the district. The windowless building is going to have 12 elevator shafts.^[9]
  

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  Depiction of St. Veronica's sudarium over the portal of the Minster of the Holy Cross
  

  
  

  
  


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  A statue for Rottweiler dogs in Rottweil
  

  
  

  
  


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  Rottweiler "Fasnet" 2007
  

  
  

  
  


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  ThyssenKrupp Test Tower (2018)
  

  
  

  
  


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  Rottweil station 2018 and ThyssenKrupp Test Tower in the background
  

  
  

  
  

Other

• The Rottweiler dog is named after this town; it used to be a butcher's dog in the region.


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  Adam of Rottweil, the 15th-century scholar and printer, was born in Rottweil.


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  Konrad Witz, painter


• "Das Mädchen aus Rottweil" is a song by the German band Die Toten Hosen
  

Notable people

• Egon Rieble (1925–2016), art historian and dialect poet


• Hermann Schäfer (1927–2009), composer and music scientist


• Kurt Bantle (born 1933), politician (SPD), former member of Landtag


• Ekkehard Lindner (born 1934), chemist and professor


• Sigrid Peyerimhoff (born 1937), chemist


• Peter Dussmann (1938 - 2013), chemist


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  Franz Xavier Wernz (1842-1914), superior general of the Jesuits
  


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  Erwin Teufel (born 1939), politician (CDU), former minister president of Baden-Württemberg


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  Rüdiger Safranski (born 1945), writer and literary scholar


• Thomas Engeser (born 1948), 2001–2009 Lord mayor of Rottweil


• Rita Haller-Haid (born 1950), politician (SPD), Member of Landtag 2001-2016


• 
  Anne Haigis (born 1955), musician and singer


• Bernd Marquart (born 1958), jazz musician


• Ralf Broß (born 1966), since 2 July 2009 Lord mayor of Rottweil


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  Andreas Schwab (born 1973), politician (CDU) and member of European Parliament


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  Joshua Kimmich (born 1995), football player (Bayern München)

International relations

Rottweil is twinned with:

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  L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy
  


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  Brugg, Aargau, Switzerland
  


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  Hyères, Var, France
  


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  Imst, Tirol, Austria
  

See also

• Rottweil (district)


• Synagoge Rottweil

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rottweil.

• 
  Official website (in German)
  


• Feast of Fools: Medieval Carnival Celebrations in Rottweil


• History and territory of the former Reichsstadt Rottweil


• Pictures and stories about Rottweil