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Máramaros County









Máramaros County


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Máramaros County
Comitatus Maramarosiensis  (Latin)
Máramaros vármegye  (Hungarian)
Komitat Maramuresch  (German)
Комітат Марамарош  (Rusyn)
Comitatul Maramureș  (Romanian)

County of the Kingdom of Hungary
12th century–1920
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Coat of arms of Máramaros

Coat of arms

Location of Máramaros


Capital
Máramarossziget
47°56′N 23°53′E / 47.933°N 23.883°E / 47.933; 23.883Coordinates: 47°56′N 23°53′E / 47.933°N 23.883°E / 47.933; 23.883

History
 •  Established
 12th century
 • 
Treaty of Trianon
 4 June 1920

Area
 •  1910
 9,716 km2(3,751 sq mi)

Population
 •  1910
 357,700 

Density
 36.8 /km2  (95.4 /sq mi)

Today part of
 Ukraine
 Romania

Sighetu Marmației is the current name of the capital.

Máramaros (Romanian: Maramureș; Rusyn: Мараморош / Maramorosh, Мараморыш / Maramorŷsh; Ukrainian: Мармарощина – Marmaroshchyna; Latin: Marmatia) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in north-western Romania and western Ukraine. The capital of the county was Máramarossziget (present-day Sighetu Marmației).[1]




Contents






  • 1 Geography


  • 2 History


  • 3 Demographics


    • 3.1 1900


    • 3.2 1910




  • 4 Subdivisions


  • 5 References





Geography[edit]


Máramaros county shared borders with the Austrian crownlands Galicia (now in Poland and Ukraine) and Bukovina (now in Romania and Ukraine) and the Hungarian counties Bereg, Ugocsa, Szatmár, Szolnok-Doboka and Beszterce-Naszód. It was situated on both sides of the river Tisza, and in the Carpathian mountains. Its area was 9720 km² around 1910.



History[edit]


The first mention of the county in the written sources is from 1119 ("cum in Maramorisio tempore venationis venatum ivissemus"). In the 13th century, it was almost uninhabited or very scarcely inhabited. The growth of its population started when the five crown cities (Máramarossziget, Hosszúmező, Huszt, Técső, Visk) were founded in the 14th century.[2] In 1920, after the Treaty of Trianon, the northern part of the county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia). The southern part (including Sighetu Marmației) became part of Romania.


The northern part was returned to Hungary by the First Vienna Award in 1938 and by the annexation of the remainder of Carpthian Ruthenia after Czechoslovakia ceased to exist in 1939. The county Máramaros was recreated, with Huszt as capital. The southern part was from 1940 part of Hungary until the end of World War II.
Afterwards, the formerly Czechoslovak part of Máramaros county became part of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR, Zakarpattia Oblast. Since 1991, when the Soviet Union split up, the Zakarpattya region is part of Ukraine.


The southern part of the county is now part of the Romanian county Maramureș.



Demographics[edit]



1900[edit]


In 1900, the county had a population of 309,598 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]


Total:




  • Ruthenian: 143,621 (46.4%)


  • Romanian: 74,978 (24.2%)


  • German: 47,449 (15.3%)


  • Hungarian: 42,403 (13.7%)


  • Slovak: 545 (0.2%)


  • Croatian: 79 (0.0%)


  • Serbian: 4 (0.0%)

  • Other or unknown: 519 (0.2%)


According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]


Total:




  • Greek Catholic: 220,817 (71.3%)


  • Jewish: 56,006 (18.1%)


  • Roman Catholic: 23,430 (7.6%)


  • Calvinist: 8,918 (2.9%)


  • Lutheran: 310 (0.1%)


  • Eastern Orthodox: 88 (0.0%)


  • Unitarian: 24 (0.0%)

  • Other or unknown: 5 (0.0%)



1910[edit]




Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description).


In 1910, the county had a population of 357,705 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]


Total:




  • Ruthenian: 159,489 (44.6%)


  • Romanian: 84,510 (23.6%)


  • German: 59,552 (16.7%)


  • Hungarian: 52,964 (14.8%)


  • Slovak: 503 (0.1%)


  • Croatian: 41 (0.0%)


  • Serbian: 6 (0.0%)

  • Other or unknown: 640 (0.2%)


According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]


Total:




  • Greek Catholic: 254,215 (71.1%)


  • Jewish: 65,694 (18.4%)


  • Roman Catholic: 26,204 (7.3%)


  • Calvinist: 9,646 (2.7%)


  • Eastern Orthodox: 1,437 (0.4%)


  • Lutheran: 464 (0.1%)


  • Unitarian: 42 (0.0%)

  • Other or unknown: 3 (0.0%)



Subdivisions[edit]


In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Máramaros county were:


















































Districts (járás)
District Capital
Dolha Dolha, UA Dovhe
Huszt Huszt, UA Khust
Izavölgy Dragomérfalva, RO Dragomirești
Ökörmező Ökörmező, UA Mizhhir'ya
Sugatag Aknasugatag, RO Ocna Șugatag
Sziget Máramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației
Taracviz Taracköz, UA Teresva
Técső Técső, UA Tiachiv
Tiszavölgy Rahó, UA Rakhiv
Visó Felsővisó, RO Vișeu de Sus
Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)
Máramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației

Rakhiv, Teresva, Tiachiv, Khust, Dovhe and Mizhhir'ya are now in Ukraine; Sighetu Marmației, Ocna Șugatag, Dragomirești and Vișeu de Sus are now in Romania.



References[edit]





  1. ^ Máramaros, A Pallas nagy lexikona (in Hungarian)


  2. ^ Györffy György: Máramarosvármegye (4: 118)


  3. ^ ab "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 2012-06-26..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  4. ^ ab "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 2012-06-26.












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