Comorian language
Comorian language
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| Comorian | |
|---|---|
| shikomori/شِكُمُرِ | |
| Native to | Comoros and Mayotte |
| Region | Throughout Comoros and Mayotte; also in Madagascar and Réunion |
Native speakers | 800,000 in Comoros[1] and 300,000 in Mayotte[2][3] (2011 and 2007) |
Language family | Niger–Congo
|
Writing system | Arabic Latin |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Comoros |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:zdj – Ngazidja dialectwni – Ndzwani (Anjouani) dialectswb – Maore dialectwlc – Mwali dialect |
| Glottolog | como1260[4] |
Guthrie code | G.44[5] |
Comorian (Shikomori or Shimasiwa, the "language of islands") is an official language in the Comoros (an independent country of islands in the Indian Ocean, off Mozambique and Madagascar) and widely spoken on the disputed territory of Mayotte, a region of France claimed by Comoros.[6] It is part of the Sabaki languages. Each island has a different dialect and the four are conventionally divided into two groups: the eastern group is composed of Shindzuani (spoken on Anjouan) and Shimaore (Mayotte), while the western group is composed of Shimwali (Mohéli) and Shingazija (Grande Comore). Although the two groups share about 80% of their lexicon, they are not usually mutually intelligible, thus suggesting that they should be considered two language groups rather than four dialects.[7]
Historically, the language was written in the Arabic script. The French colonial administration introduced the Latin script, of which a modified version was officially decreed in 2009.[8] The Arabic script remains widely used.
It is the language of Udzima wa ya Masiwa, the national anthem.
Contents
1 Phonology
1.1 Vowels
1.2 Consonants
2 References
3 Further reading
4 External links
Phonology[edit]
The consonants and vowels in the Comorian languages:
Vowels[edit]
Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
Close | i ĩ | u ũ |
Mid | e | o |
Open | a ã | |
Consonants[edit]
Bilabial | Labio- dental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | k | |||||
voiced | (b) | (d) | ɖ | ɡ | ||||||
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||||||
prenasalized | ŋɡ | |||||||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||||
voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ||||||||
Fricative | voiceless | β | f | θ | s | ʃ | x | h | ||
voiced | v | ð | z | ʒ | ɣ | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||||
Approximant | w | l | j | |||||||
Trill | r | |||||||||
The orthographic b and d are phonetically recognized as ranging from [ɓ~b] and [ɗ~d].
References[edit]
^ "Udzima wa Komori". Université Laval, 2325, rue de l'Université. Retrieved 4 December 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Daniel Barreteau. "Premiers résultats d'une enquête sociolinguistique auprès des élèves de CM2 de Mayotte" (PDF) (in French). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
^ "Population of Mayotte". INSEE.
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Comorian Bantu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
^ Comoros
^ Breslar, 1981; Ahmed-Chamanga, 2010
^ Ahmed-Chamanga, 2010
Further reading[edit]
- Ahmed-Chamanga, Mohamed. (1992) Lexique Comorien (shindzuani) – Français. Paris: L'Harmattan.
- Ahmed-Chamanga, Mohamed. (1997) Dictionnaire français-comorien (dialecte Shindzuani). Paris: L'Harmattan.
- Ahmed-Chamanga, Mohamed. (2010) Introduction à la grammaire structurale du comorien. Moroni: Komedit. 2 vols.
- Breslar, Jon. (1981) An Ethnography of the Mahorais (Mayotte, Comoro Islands). Thesis presented at University of Pittsburgh.
- Djohar, Abdou. (2014) Approche contrastive franco-comorienne: les séquences figées à caractère adjectival. Université Paris-Nord.
- Johansen, Aimee. A History of Comorian Linguistics. in John M. Mugane (ed.), Linguistic Typology and Representation of African Languages. Africa World Press. Trenton, New Jersey.
- Lafon, Michel. (1991) Lexique Français-Comorien (Shingazidja). Paris: L'Harmattan.
- Rey, Veronique. (1994) Première approche du mwali. Africana Linguistica XI. Tervuren: MRAC.
External links[edit]
- Shingazidja
| Languages of the Comoros | |
|---|---|
| Official languages |
|
| Non-official languages |
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Authority control  |
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- Swahili language
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