National Human Rights Commission of India







































Nation Human Rights Commission
राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग

NHRC.jpg
National Human Rights Commission logo

Agency overview
Formed 12 October 1993
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agency India
Operations jurisdiction India
General nature
  • Federal law enforcement
Headquarters
New Delhi, India

Agency executives

  • Justice H. L. Dattu, Chairman

  • Ambuj Sharma, Secretary General
Website
Official website

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is an autonomous public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.[1] It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (TPHRA).[2] The NHRC is the National Human Rights Commission of India,[3] responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights, defined by the Act as "rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants".




Contents






  • 1 Functions


  • 2 Composition


    • 2.1 Chairman and Members


    • 2.2 State Human Rights Commission




  • 3 Appointment


  • 4 Former chairpersons


    • 4.1 Acting Chairpersons




  • 5 Controversy


  • 6 Human Rights Campaign's recommendations


  • 7 References


  • 8 External links





Functions


The Protection of Human Rights Act mandates the NHRC to perform the following functions:[2]



  • proactively or reactively inquire into violations of government of India human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant

  • by leave of the court, to intervene in court proceeding relating to human rights

  • make recommendations about granting relief to the victims and their families.

  • review the safeguards provided by or under the Constitution or any law for the time being in force for the protection of human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation

  • review the factors, including acts of terrorism that inhibit the enjoyment of human rights and recommend appropriate remedial measures

  • to study treaties and other international instruments on human rights and make recommendations for their effective implementation

  • undertake and promote research in the field of human rights

  • engage in human rights education among various sections of society and promote awareness of the safeguards available for the protection of these rights through publications, the media, seminars and other available means

  • encourage the efforts of NGOs and institutions congress to working in the field of anti human rights.

  • such other function as it may consider it necessary for the protection of human rights.

  • requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any court or office.


  • by sitting and taking application and rejecting then on the basic of sex, caste, income and social status.


    On the silver jubilee of the National Human Rights Commission, the commission organised a Human Rights mela (festival) at Central Park, Connaught Place, New Delhi on 13th October 2018.




Composition


The NHRC consists of:


  • A Chairperson, should be retired [Chief Justice of India]

(through GoI mulling appointment of retired SC Judges as chairperson[4])



  • One member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court of India

  • One member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High Court

  • Two members to be appointed from among persons having knowledge of, or practical experience in, matters relating to human rights

  • In addition, the Chairpersons of four National Commissions (Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Women and Minorities) serve as ex officio members.


The sitting Judge of the Supreme Court or sitting Chief Justice of any High Court can be appointed only after the consultation with the Chief Justice of Supreme Court.



Chairman and Members


Justice JS Kehar is going to be next chairman after H.L. Dattu
The chairman of the NHRC is Justice H. L. Dattu and the other members are:[5]



  • Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose, Judge Supreme Court of India

  • Justice D. Murugesan, Chief Justice of Delhi High Court

  • Jyotika Kalra




Ex-officio members:



  • Chairperson, National Commission for Scheduled Castes Chairperson, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes


  • Syed Gayorul Hasan Rizvi, Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities

  • Rekha Sharma, Chairperson, National Commission for Women



State Human Rights Commission


A State Government may constitute a body known as the Human Rights Commission of that State to exercise the powers conferred upon, and to perform the functions assigned to, a State Commission. In accordance to the amendment brought in TPHRA,1993[6] point No.10 below is the list[7] of State Human Rights Commissions formed to perform the functions of the commission as stated under chapter V of TPHRA,1993 (with amendment act 2006). At present, 25 states have constituted SHRC[8]





































































































































State Commission City Date constituted
Assam Human rights Commission
Guwahati		 19 January 1996
Andhra Pradesh State Human rights Commission Hyderabad 2 August 2006
Bihar Human rights Commission Patna 3 January 2000
Chhattisgarh Human Rights Commission Raipur 16 April 2001

Gujarat State Human Rights Commission[9]
 Gandhinagar 12 September 2006
Goa Human Rights Commission Panaji 2011
Meghalaya State Human Right Commission Shillong 2013
Himachal Pradesh State Human rights Commission Shimla --
Jammu & Kashmir Human Rights Commission Srinagar January 1997
Kerala State Human Rights Commission Thiruvananthapuram 11 December 1998
Karnataka State Human Rights Commission Bangalore 28 June 2005
Madhya Pradesh Human Rights Commission Bhopal 1 September 1995
Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission Mumbai 6 March 2001
Manipur State Human Rights Commission Imphal 2003
Odisha Human rights Commission Bhubaneswar 27 January 2000
Punjab Human Rights Commission Chandigarh 1997
Rajasthan State Human rights Commission Jaipur 18 January 1999
State Human Rights Commission Tamil Nadu Chennai 17 April 1997
Uttar Pradesh Human Rights Commission Lucknow 7 October 2002
West Bengal Human Rights Commission Kolkata 8 January 1994
Jharkhand State Human Rights Commission Ranchi 2010
Sikkim State Human Rights Commission Gangtok 18 October 2008
Uttarakhand Human Rights Commission Dehradun 13 May 2013
Haryana Human Rights Commission Chandigarh 2012
Tripura Human rights Commission Agartala 2015


Appointment


Section 2 Sections 3 and 4 of TPHRA lay down the rules for appointment to the NHRC. The Chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed by the President of India, on the recommendation of a committee consisting of:



  • The Prime Minister (Chairperson)

  • The Home Minister

  • The Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha (Lower House)

  • The Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House)

  • The Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Lower House)

  • The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Upper House)



Former chairpersons











































Sr
No		 Name Tenure
1. Justice Ranganath Misra
 12 October 1993 – 24 November 1996
2. Justice M N Venkatachaliah
 26 November 1996 – 24 October 1999
3. Justice J S Verma
 4 November 1999 – 17 January 2003
4. Justice A S Anand
 17 February 2003 – 31 October 2006
5. Justice S. Rajendra Babu
 2 April 2007 - 31 May 2009
6. Justice K G Balakrishnan
 7 June 2010 - 11 May 2015
7. Justice H.L. Dattu
 29 Feb-2016


Acting Chairpersons



  • Justice Cyriac Joseph from 11 May 2015 to 28 February 2016

  • Dr. Justice Shivaraj Patil, from 1 November 2006 to 1 April 2007

  • Justice G.P. Mathur, from 1 June 2009 to 6 June 2010



Controversy


A report concerning the manner of which the Shivani Bhatnagar murder controversy case was rejected, a case which involved high-ranking officials being implicated in the murder of a journalist, opened the organisation up to questioning over the usefulness of human rights commissions set up by the government at the national and state levels.[10]


In mid-2011, the chairman of the NHRC, ex-Chief Justice K.G. Balakrishnan came under a cloud for allegedly owning assets disproportionate to his income.[11] His son-in-law P. V. Srinijan, an Indian National Congress politician, had to resign for suddenly coming into possession of land worth Rs. 25 lakhs.[12] Many prominent jurists, including former CJ J. S. Verma, SC ex-Judge V. R. Krishna Iyer, noted jurist Fali S. Nariman, former NHRC member Sudarshan Agrawal and prominent activist lawyer Prashant Bhushan, have called on Balakrishnan's resignation pending from the HRC pending inquiry.[13] In February 2012, the Supreme Court inquired of the government regarding the status of the inquiry.[14]



Human Rights Campaign's recommendations


NHRC held that 16 out of 19 police encounters with suspected maoists in Guntur and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh, prior to 2002 were fake and recommended to Government payment of compensation of Rs 5 lakh each to the kin of the families.[15]



References





  1. ^ Annual Report 1993-94 of the National Human Rights Commission


  2. ^ ab The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, as amended by the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2006


  3. ^ Nath, Damini. "NHRC issues notice to T.N." The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-02-23..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  4. ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ex-sc-judges-could-soon-be-appointed-nhrc-chiefs/article19824595.ece


  5. ^ NHRC website


  6. ^ http://nhrc.nic.in/documents/Publications/HRActEng.pdf


  7. ^ http://www.nhrc.nic.in/shrc.htm


  8. ^ http://nhrc.nic.in/shrc.htm


  9. ^ http://nhrc.nic.in/GujratOrders.htm


  10. ^ The NHRC, and the Shivani Murder Controversy. Indiatogether.org. Retrieved on 2012-09-30.


  11. ^ CBDT to probe ex-CJI Balakrishnan's assets -Videos India:IBNLive Videos. Ibnlive.in.com (2011-06-22). Retrieved on 2012-09-30.


  12. ^ Ex-CJI's son amasses property in four years. Deccanherald.com (2012-09-21). Retrieved on 2012-09-30.


  13. ^ Fali Nariman wants judicial probe against ex-CJI, kin's assets : South News – India Today. Indiatoday.intoday.in (2011-01-03). Retrieved on 2012-09-30.


  14. ^ SC asks Centre about action taken against ex-CJI KG Balakrishnan – India News – IBNLive. Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved on 2012-09-30.


  15. ^ "NHRC declares 16 out of 19 encounters fake, orders compensation of Rs.80 lakh". 13 July 2012.




External links


  • National Human Rights Commission Official Website










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