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Jarosław
Town Hall and market square
Coat of arms
Jarosław
Coordinates: 50°1′7″N 22°40′47″E / 50.01861°N 22.67972°E / 50.01861; 22.67972
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Subcarpathian
County	Jarosław County
Gmina	Jarosław (urban gmina)
Government
• Mayor	Waldemar Paluch
Area
• Total	34.46 km2 (13.31 sq mi)
Population (2014)
• Total	38,970
• Density	1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	37-500
Car plates	RJA
Website	http://www.jaroslaw.pl

Dominican church

Jarosław [jaˈrɔswaf] (Ukrainian: Ярослав pronounced [jɑrɔˈslɑu̯], Yiddish: יאַרעסלאָוו‎ Yareslov, German: Jaroslau) is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 38,970 inhabitants, as of 30 June 2014.^[1] Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Przemyśl Voivodeship (1975–1998), it is the capital of Jarosław County.

History

St. Nicholas church and Benedictine abbey

The city was established on 1031 by the Yaroslav the Wise, a grand prince of Kievan Rus'. It was granted Magdeburg rights by Polish prince Władysław Opolczyk in 1375.

The city quickly developed as important trade centre and a port on the San river, reaching the period of its greatest prosperity in 16th and 17th century, with trade routes linking Silesia with Ruthenia and Gdańsk with Hungary coming through it and merchants from such distant countries as Spain, England, Finland, Armenia and Persia arriving at the annual three-week-long fair on the feast of the Assumption. In 1574 a Jesuit college was established in Jarosław.

In the 1590s Tatars from the Ottoman Empire pillaged the surrounding countryside. (See Moldavian Magnate Wars, The Magnate Wars (1593–1617), Causes.) They were unable to overcome the city's fortifications, but their raids started to diminish the city's economic strength and importance. Outbreaks of bubonic plague in the 1620s and the Swedish The Deluge in 1655-60 further undermined its prominence. In the Great Northern War of 1700-21 the region was repeatedly pillaged by Russian, Saxon and Swedish armies, causing the city to decline further.

In the mid-eighteenth century, Roman Catholics constituted 53.7% of the population, members of the Greek Catholic Church 23.9%, and Jews 22.3%.^[2]

Jarosław was under Austrian rule from the First Partition of Poland in 1772 until Poland regained independence in 1918. After the Second World War the city remained part of Poland. Poland's communist government expelled most of Jarosław's Ukrainian population, at first to Soviet territories and later to territories transferred from Germany to Poland in 1944-45.

Jewish Jarosław

The first Jews reportedly arrived in Jarosław in 1464. The first rabbi of Jarosław was Rabbi Nathan Neta Ashkenazi, in 1590. A year later, the new Council of Four Lands (Vaad Arba Aratzot) began convening in Jarosław, rotating the meeting with the city of Lwów (Lviv).

Until 1608 with a small Jewish community, religious facilities were not allowed. Still, Rabbi Solomon Efraim of Lontschitz (the author of "Kli Yakar"), a prominent and well known rabbi, lived here. By 1670 there was a large "government" synagogue created, although protested by the Christian community of the city. During attacks on the city by Tatars and Swedes, Jewish merchandise and sometimes homes were set on fire. In 1765, there were 1,884 Jews in the city and towns around it. A Jewish school was established sometime later. The famous rabbi Levi Isaac of Berdyczów (Berdychiv) studied in Jarosław circa 1760 and was called "the genius of Yeruslav". A fire in 1805 burnt down the old synagogue and a new one was established more according to tradition to replace it. The new synagogue was completed in 1811. A census taken in 1901 notes that Jews were 25% of the population: 5701 Jewish families.

In a story about Jacob Kranc told by Rabbi Jacob Orenstein around 1850, about the appointment of the Jarosław rabbi, Rabbi Orenstein had refused the appointment of Rabbi of Jarosław because it would be against his old uncle's appointment. The city council had already written his appointment and wished to express their sorrow for its cancellation. The Dubner Magid had just entered the city on a snowy winter day, and was taken directly to Orenstein's house, together with the city council, who happened to pass by him. But the walk up the steps was enough to create a moving speech, remembered years later, and accounted for in the book.

In 1921 the last rabbi was appointed, Rabbi Shmaiya HaLevi Steinberg. He wrote a book about the Jews of his town, and in the 1930s sent two copies to the National Hebrew Library in Jerusalem. These copies are the only surviving copies of the book after the Holocaust.

In September 1939, Jarosław was captured by Germans. Most of the Jews crossed the San river to the Soviet side and hid in the Carpathian mountains, including the elder rabbi and his family. Those that stayed were shot and killed by the German soldiers.

• 
  Jarosław (Yaruslav) Hassidim in Modern day Israel

Hostages list of Jarosław 1939

Sights

Monuments

Market Square Centre for Culture The oldest part of the city. Renaissance Kraków Gate and old fortifications. The buildings on the Main Square City Hall Municipal Cultural Centre Old trade centre Pełkinie Palace Townhouses Rydzikowska's house Museum Orsetti Attavantich House Gruszewiczowska House Queen Marie's House

Church of the Holy Spirit Great synagogue Temples Collegiate Church of Corpus Christi from the sixteenth century, also served as the local Jesuit college Benedictine Abbey Church of the Holy Trinity Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows Monastery Church of the Holy Spirit Synagogues Two of the synagogues The oldest synagogue Old Synagogue Small Synagogue

People

• 
  Joseph Wilf (1925-2016), Polish-born American businessman^[3]
  


• Siegfried Lipiner


• Bohdan Khmelnytsky


• Charles X Gustav of Sweden


• Stefan Czarniecki


• Stanisław Maczek


• Sam Spiegel


• Aleksander Fredro


• Mordecai Yoffe


• Piotr Skarga


• Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski


• Jerzy Mniszech


• Anna Alojza Ostrogska


• Jan Kostka (1529–1581)


• Zofia Odrowąż


• 
  Lubomirski family
  
  • Konstanty Jacek Lubomirski
  
  


• Tarnowski family


• Yaroslav I the Wise


• Simon Dubnow


• Arieh Sharon


• Wiktor Brillant


• Edmond Wilhelm Brillant


• Roman Kudlyk


• Lionel S. Reiss


• Arkadiusz Baran


• Salomon Buber


• Andrzej Tomasz Zapałowski


• Antoni Chruściel


• Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma


• Rostislav Mikhailovich


• Michał Boym


• Mieczysław Golba


• Mieczysław Kasprzak


• Tomasz Kulesza


• Stanisław Marcin Badeni


• Moses Schorr


• Władysław Koba


• Stanyslav Lyudkevych


• Znicz Jarosław


• Bogdan Zając


• Franciszek Siarczyński


• Jerzy Hordyński


• Dov Lior

Twin towns - sister cities

Jarosław is twinned with:^[4]

See also

• Walddeutsche

References

External links

• Jarosław city portal


• Jewish Jarosław (Hebrew)

Coordinates: 50°01′N 22°40′E / 50.017°N 22.667°E / 50.017; 22.667

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jarosław.