Why scanf accepts chars for “%f” format specifier?











up vote
1
down vote

favorite












I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is not as strict as I expected:



int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Returns:



Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.
a 0
-29768832.000000 0.000000


Where I can read about its behavior?



How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?



P. S. I'm using gcc v5 in Ubuntu.










share|improve this question




















  • 3




    How can I .. throw an exception - There are no exceptions in C.
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:18








  • 9




    You could start by checking the return value from scanf to see if it read anything at all or not.
    – Retired Ninja
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 4




    "Where I can read about its behavior?" -- the best place is the Standard
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 3




    ... or the documentation for your C library. On a Unix-flavored system, you can find that in its manual page (man scanf). For the Microsoft C library, look at the online docs. Etc.
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 11 at 18:31






  • 1




    Better to post your own answer below as an answer rather than in your question. See Can I answer my own question?. Recommend to roll-back your edit.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:19

















up vote
1
down vote

favorite












I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is not as strict as I expected:



int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Returns:



Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.
a 0
-29768832.000000 0.000000


Where I can read about its behavior?



How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?



P. S. I'm using gcc v5 in Ubuntu.










share|improve this question




















  • 3




    How can I .. throw an exception - There are no exceptions in C.
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:18








  • 9




    You could start by checking the return value from scanf to see if it read anything at all or not.
    – Retired Ninja
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 4




    "Where I can read about its behavior?" -- the best place is the Standard
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 3




    ... or the documentation for your C library. On a Unix-flavored system, you can find that in its manual page (man scanf). For the Microsoft C library, look at the online docs. Etc.
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 11 at 18:31






  • 1




    Better to post your own answer below as an answer rather than in your question. See Can I answer my own question?. Recommend to roll-back your edit.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:19















up vote
1
down vote

favorite









up vote
1
down vote

favorite











I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is not as strict as I expected:



int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Returns:



Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.
a 0
-29768832.000000 0.000000


Where I can read about its behavior?



How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?



P. S. I'm using gcc v5 in Ubuntu.










share|improve this question















I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is not as strict as I expected:



int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Returns:



Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.
a 0
-29768832.000000 0.000000


Where I can read about its behavior?



How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?



P. S. I'm using gcc v5 in Ubuntu.







c stdio






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Nov 11 at 20:25

























asked Nov 11 at 18:15









terales

1,6721525




1,6721525








  • 3




    How can I .. throw an exception - There are no exceptions in C.
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:18








  • 9




    You could start by checking the return value from scanf to see if it read anything at all or not.
    – Retired Ninja
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 4




    "Where I can read about its behavior?" -- the best place is the Standard
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 3




    ... or the documentation for your C library. On a Unix-flavored system, you can find that in its manual page (man scanf). For the Microsoft C library, look at the online docs. Etc.
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 11 at 18:31






  • 1




    Better to post your own answer below as an answer rather than in your question. See Can I answer my own question?. Recommend to roll-back your edit.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:19
















  • 3




    How can I .. throw an exception - There are no exceptions in C.
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:18








  • 9




    You could start by checking the return value from scanf to see if it read anything at all or not.
    – Retired Ninja
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 4




    "Where I can read about its behavior?" -- the best place is the Standard
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 18:18






  • 3




    ... or the documentation for your C library. On a Unix-flavored system, you can find that in its manual page (man scanf). For the Microsoft C library, look at the online docs. Etc.
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 11 at 18:31






  • 1




    Better to post your own answer below as an answer rather than in your question. See Can I answer my own question?. Recommend to roll-back your edit.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:19










3




3




How can I .. throw an exception - There are no exceptions in C.
– kfx
Nov 11 at 18:18






How can I .. throw an exception - There are no exceptions in C.
– kfx
Nov 11 at 18:18






9




9




You could start by checking the return value from scanf to see if it read anything at all or not.
– Retired Ninja
Nov 11 at 18:18




You could start by checking the return value from scanf to see if it read anything at all or not.
– Retired Ninja
Nov 11 at 18:18




4




4




"Where I can read about its behavior?" -- the best place is the Standard
– David Bowling
Nov 11 at 18:18




"Where I can read about its behavior?" -- the best place is the Standard
– David Bowling
Nov 11 at 18:18




3




3




... or the documentation for your C library. On a Unix-flavored system, you can find that in its manual page (man scanf). For the Microsoft C library, look at the online docs. Etc.
– John Bollinger
Nov 11 at 18:31




... or the documentation for your C library. On a Unix-flavored system, you can find that in its manual page (man scanf). For the Microsoft C library, look at the online docs. Etc.
– John Bollinger
Nov 11 at 18:31




1




1




Better to post your own answer below as an answer rather than in your question. See Can I answer my own question?. Recommend to roll-back your edit.
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:19






Better to post your own answer below as an answer rather than in your question. See Can I answer my own question?. Recommend to roll-back your edit.
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:19














4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
3
down vote














I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is
not as strict as I expected




No, you didn't.



Given this scanf call:




  float alpha;
float b;

scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);



... and this input:




a 0



... scanf has a matching failure when it encounters the 'a' while trying to scan a floating-point value and not having yet scanned any decimal digits. It stops at that point (and leaves the 'a' in the stream for a subsequent read), and, as always, it returns the number of input fields successfully scanned (0).




Where I can read about its behavior?




You could try running the command man scanf at the command line (Linux, OSX, ...), or entering the same as a Google search. Or google "scanf docs" or "scanf manual" or similar. Or look up the official manual for your particular C library. For standard library functions, the standard is an excellent reference, but your particular implementation may have extensions not documented there, or occasionally may even differ from the standard in minor ways.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an
exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




C does not have exceptions. It tells you about errors via function return values, for the most part, though some third-party libraries may do it slightly differently. But you have to do your part, by checking the return values and responding appropriately. In this particular case, you must avoid reading the values of alpha and b. Because those variables were not initialized and did not subsequently have any values assigned to them, reading their values produces undefined behavior.






share|improve this answer

















  • 1




    C does not have exceptions in the sense that OP is thinking of, but C does have a concept of exceptional conditions, e.g. floating point exceptions and integer overflow. Also, some functions set errno under some circumstances.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 19:04










  • Thanks a lot for your explanation! So, if I get it right, I can just check is I have exactly two matches and return 22 otherwise.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:08






  • 1




    @terales, yes, you check whether you have exactly two matches. Any different result tells you not only that some fields were not parsed, but which ones. You may safely use the ones that were parsed. I'm not sure were returning 22 comes from, but if that's what you're supposed to do in the event of incorrect input, then yes, do that when scanf reports fewer than 2 matches (it will not report more).
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 12 at 11:53










  • @JohnBollinger thanks a lot! 22 is code of EINVAL, sorry for not being clear there.
    – terales
    Nov 12 at 16:18


















up vote
3
down vote













Others answers, especially @John Bollinger well explain why code fails to meet the goal.



Note input may converter to a int, float, neither, or both.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




The best is to use other tools like fgets() to read a line of input and form a string for later testing.



To test strictly for is a bit hard. *scanf("%d",...) has undefined behavior on overflow. *scanf("%f",...) has similar UB, especially when float does not support infinity/not-a-number.





To test if a string convert to a valid int



bool my_isint(const char *s) {
// Add to dis-allow leading white-space
if (isspace((unsigned char) *s)) return false;

char *endptr;
base = 0; // use base = 0 to only allow base 10 input
errno = 0;
long val = strtol(s, &endptr, base);
if (s == endptr) return false; // no conversion

if (errno == ERANGE) return false; // too big for long
if (val > INT_MAX || val < INT_MIN) return false; // too big for int

// Add to allow trailing white-space
while (isspace((unsigned char) *endptr)) endptr++;

// Add to dis-allow trailing junk
while (*endptr) return false; // trailing junk

return true;
}


To test if a string converts to a valid float is like testing for double when float supports infinity/non-a-number. More later- GTG.






share|improve this answer

















  • 1




    Oh my goodness! Thanks a lot, this gives me an idea about the underneath complexity. This is a totally manual approach which I feel is more supposed to be used in production rather in learning apps for sake of algorithms exploration.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 19:52






  • 2




    @terales Post did ask for "make input strict with standard functions". I saw that as seeking a robust solution beyond a learner's debut. Else is it just if (sscanf(buf, "%d",...) == 1) and if (sscanf(buf, "%f",...) == 1).
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:15










  • Thanks, @chux, I would try to be more clear the next time. I've added your and John's info in the final answer.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:19




















up vote
1
down vote













fgets can be used to read a line. Parse the line with sscanf. sscanf will return the number of items successfully scanned. This also captures the character following the second float. If it is not a newline, the loop continues until two floats followed by a newline are scanned.



#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main( void) {
char input[200] = "";
char nl = 0;
int items = 3;
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

do {
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
if ( fgets ( input, sizeof input, stdin)) {
// Get user input
items = sscanf ( input, "%f %f%c", &alpha, &b, &nl);
}
else {
fprintf ( stderr, "fgets EOFn");
return 0;
}
} while ( 3 != items || 'n' != nl);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}





share|improve this answer





















  • Why not simply use scanf?
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:45










  • @kfx if scanf gets bad input such as abc for a float, it leaves the bad input in the input stream. So you must clean the input stream. fgets will read everything from the input stream up to the size of the input array or a newline. So on bad input, the input stream has already been cleaned.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 18:48






  • 1




    This newline scan fails if they enter other whitespace before the newline
    – M.M
    Nov 11 at 19:49












  • @M.M yes. could use "%f %f %c" and just test that items is 2. then any trailing whitespace is ok.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 20:00










  • @user3121023 -- "%f %f %c" would match the newline before %c is encountered, leaving nl unassigned and items with a value of 2.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 20:04


















up vote
0
down vote



accepted










As @John Bollinger (answer) and @chux (answer) kindly explained the question is wrong by itself, actually scanf doesn't accept chars instead of floats but omitting it. To catch this behavior I've modified the code in the following way:



+ #include <errno.h> // Error codes constants

int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
+ int matches;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
± matches = scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);

+ if (matches != 2) {
+ printf("ERROR: Space separated float numbers only expected.n");
+ return EINVAL;
+ }

printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Appropriate only for simple learning programs you're writing during your CS degree!



Otherwise, check @chux's answer for a more production-like solution.






share|improve this answer



















  • 1




    Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:33






  • 1




    Detail: "%f %f" will not insure "Space separated float numbers". Try "123.4-567.8". If space separation is required, additional code needed.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:35








  • 1




    — "Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?" — Thanks! I just didn't know it's possible. Space separation is optional there, the main point is to prevent wrong calculations. Thanks a lot @chux!
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:43











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4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes








4 Answers
4






active

oldest

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active

oldest

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active

oldest

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up vote
3
down vote














I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is
not as strict as I expected




No, you didn't.



Given this scanf call:




  float alpha;
float b;

scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);



... and this input:




a 0



... scanf has a matching failure when it encounters the 'a' while trying to scan a floating-point value and not having yet scanned any decimal digits. It stops at that point (and leaves the 'a' in the stream for a subsequent read), and, as always, it returns the number of input fields successfully scanned (0).




Where I can read about its behavior?




You could try running the command man scanf at the command line (Linux, OSX, ...), or entering the same as a Google search. Or google "scanf docs" or "scanf manual" or similar. Or look up the official manual for your particular C library. For standard library functions, the standard is an excellent reference, but your particular implementation may have extensions not documented there, or occasionally may even differ from the standard in minor ways.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an
exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




C does not have exceptions. It tells you about errors via function return values, for the most part, though some third-party libraries may do it slightly differently. But you have to do your part, by checking the return values and responding appropriately. In this particular case, you must avoid reading the values of alpha and b. Because those variables were not initialized and did not subsequently have any values assigned to them, reading their values produces undefined behavior.






share|improve this answer

















  • 1




    C does not have exceptions in the sense that OP is thinking of, but C does have a concept of exceptional conditions, e.g. floating point exceptions and integer overflow. Also, some functions set errno under some circumstances.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 19:04










  • Thanks a lot for your explanation! So, if I get it right, I can just check is I have exactly two matches and return 22 otherwise.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:08






  • 1




    @terales, yes, you check whether you have exactly two matches. Any different result tells you not only that some fields were not parsed, but which ones. You may safely use the ones that were parsed. I'm not sure were returning 22 comes from, but if that's what you're supposed to do in the event of incorrect input, then yes, do that when scanf reports fewer than 2 matches (it will not report more).
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 12 at 11:53










  • @JohnBollinger thanks a lot! 22 is code of EINVAL, sorry for not being clear there.
    – terales
    Nov 12 at 16:18















up vote
3
down vote














I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is
not as strict as I expected




No, you didn't.



Given this scanf call:




  float alpha;
float b;

scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);



... and this input:




a 0



... scanf has a matching failure when it encounters the 'a' while trying to scan a floating-point value and not having yet scanned any decimal digits. It stops at that point (and leaves the 'a' in the stream for a subsequent read), and, as always, it returns the number of input fields successfully scanned (0).




Where I can read about its behavior?




You could try running the command man scanf at the command line (Linux, OSX, ...), or entering the same as a Google search. Or google "scanf docs" or "scanf manual" or similar. Or look up the official manual for your particular C library. For standard library functions, the standard is an excellent reference, but your particular implementation may have extensions not documented there, or occasionally may even differ from the standard in minor ways.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an
exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




C does not have exceptions. It tells you about errors via function return values, for the most part, though some third-party libraries may do it slightly differently. But you have to do your part, by checking the return values and responding appropriately. In this particular case, you must avoid reading the values of alpha and b. Because those variables were not initialized and did not subsequently have any values assigned to them, reading their values produces undefined behavior.






share|improve this answer

















  • 1




    C does not have exceptions in the sense that OP is thinking of, but C does have a concept of exceptional conditions, e.g. floating point exceptions and integer overflow. Also, some functions set errno under some circumstances.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 19:04










  • Thanks a lot for your explanation! So, if I get it right, I can just check is I have exactly two matches and return 22 otherwise.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:08






  • 1




    @terales, yes, you check whether you have exactly two matches. Any different result tells you not only that some fields were not parsed, but which ones. You may safely use the ones that were parsed. I'm not sure were returning 22 comes from, but if that's what you're supposed to do in the event of incorrect input, then yes, do that when scanf reports fewer than 2 matches (it will not report more).
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 12 at 11:53










  • @JohnBollinger thanks a lot! 22 is code of EINVAL, sorry for not being clear there.
    – terales
    Nov 12 at 16:18













up vote
3
down vote










up vote
3
down vote










I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is
not as strict as I expected




No, you didn't.



Given this scanf call:




  float alpha;
float b;

scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);



... and this input:




a 0



... scanf has a matching failure when it encounters the 'a' while trying to scan a floating-point value and not having yet scanned any decimal digits. It stops at that point (and leaves the 'a' in the stream for a subsequent read), and, as always, it returns the number of input fields successfully scanned (0).




Where I can read about its behavior?




You could try running the command man scanf at the command line (Linux, OSX, ...), or entering the same as a Google search. Or google "scanf docs" or "scanf manual" or similar. Or look up the official manual for your particular C library. For standard library functions, the standard is an excellent reference, but your particular implementation may have extensions not documented there, or occasionally may even differ from the standard in minor ways.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an
exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




C does not have exceptions. It tells you about errors via function return values, for the most part, though some third-party libraries may do it slightly differently. But you have to do your part, by checking the return values and responding appropriately. In this particular case, you must avoid reading the values of alpha and b. Because those variables were not initialized and did not subsequently have any values assigned to them, reading their values produces undefined behavior.






share|improve this answer













I'm preparing a simple program for my classes and found that scanf is
not as strict as I expected




No, you didn't.



Given this scanf call:




  float alpha;
float b;

scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);



... and this input:




a 0



... scanf has a matching failure when it encounters the 'a' while trying to scan a floating-point value and not having yet scanned any decimal digits. It stops at that point (and leaves the 'a' in the stream for a subsequent read), and, as always, it returns the number of input fields successfully scanned (0).




Where I can read about its behavior?




You could try running the command man scanf at the command line (Linux, OSX, ...), or entering the same as a Google search. Or google "scanf docs" or "scanf manual" or similar. Or look up the official manual for your particular C library. For standard library functions, the standard is an excellent reference, but your particular implementation may have extensions not documented there, or occasionally may even differ from the standard in minor ways.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an
exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




C does not have exceptions. It tells you about errors via function return values, for the most part, though some third-party libraries may do it slightly differently. But you have to do your part, by checking the return values and responding appropriately. In this particular case, you must avoid reading the values of alpha and b. Because those variables were not initialized and did not subsequently have any values assigned to them, reading their values produces undefined behavior.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Nov 11 at 18:55









John Bollinger

77.6k73874




77.6k73874








  • 1




    C does not have exceptions in the sense that OP is thinking of, but C does have a concept of exceptional conditions, e.g. floating point exceptions and integer overflow. Also, some functions set errno under some circumstances.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 19:04










  • Thanks a lot for your explanation! So, if I get it right, I can just check is I have exactly two matches and return 22 otherwise.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:08






  • 1




    @terales, yes, you check whether you have exactly two matches. Any different result tells you not only that some fields were not parsed, but which ones. You may safely use the ones that were parsed. I'm not sure were returning 22 comes from, but if that's what you're supposed to do in the event of incorrect input, then yes, do that when scanf reports fewer than 2 matches (it will not report more).
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 12 at 11:53










  • @JohnBollinger thanks a lot! 22 is code of EINVAL, sorry for not being clear there.
    – terales
    Nov 12 at 16:18














  • 1




    C does not have exceptions in the sense that OP is thinking of, but C does have a concept of exceptional conditions, e.g. floating point exceptions and integer overflow. Also, some functions set errno under some circumstances.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 19:04










  • Thanks a lot for your explanation! So, if I get it right, I can just check is I have exactly two matches and return 22 otherwise.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:08






  • 1




    @terales, yes, you check whether you have exactly two matches. Any different result tells you not only that some fields were not parsed, but which ones. You may safely use the ones that were parsed. I'm not sure were returning 22 comes from, but if that's what you're supposed to do in the event of incorrect input, then yes, do that when scanf reports fewer than 2 matches (it will not report more).
    – John Bollinger
    Nov 12 at 11:53










  • @JohnBollinger thanks a lot! 22 is code of EINVAL, sorry for not being clear there.
    – terales
    Nov 12 at 16:18








1




1




C does not have exceptions in the sense that OP is thinking of, but C does have a concept of exceptional conditions, e.g. floating point exceptions and integer overflow. Also, some functions set errno under some circumstances.
– David Bowling
Nov 11 at 19:04




C does not have exceptions in the sense that OP is thinking of, but C does have a concept of exceptional conditions, e.g. floating point exceptions and integer overflow. Also, some functions set errno under some circumstances.
– David Bowling
Nov 11 at 19:04












Thanks a lot for your explanation! So, if I get it right, I can just check is I have exactly two matches and return 22 otherwise.
– terales
Nov 11 at 20:08




Thanks a lot for your explanation! So, if I get it right, I can just check is I have exactly two matches and return 22 otherwise.
– terales
Nov 11 at 20:08




1




1




@terales, yes, you check whether you have exactly two matches. Any different result tells you not only that some fields were not parsed, but which ones. You may safely use the ones that were parsed. I'm not sure were returning 22 comes from, but if that's what you're supposed to do in the event of incorrect input, then yes, do that when scanf reports fewer than 2 matches (it will not report more).
– John Bollinger
Nov 12 at 11:53




@terales, yes, you check whether you have exactly two matches. Any different result tells you not only that some fields were not parsed, but which ones. You may safely use the ones that were parsed. I'm not sure were returning 22 comes from, but if that's what you're supposed to do in the event of incorrect input, then yes, do that when scanf reports fewer than 2 matches (it will not report more).
– John Bollinger
Nov 12 at 11:53












@JohnBollinger thanks a lot! 22 is code of EINVAL, sorry for not being clear there.
– terales
Nov 12 at 16:18




@JohnBollinger thanks a lot! 22 is code of EINVAL, sorry for not being clear there.
– terales
Nov 12 at 16:18












up vote
3
down vote













Others answers, especially @John Bollinger well explain why code fails to meet the goal.



Note input may converter to a int, float, neither, or both.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




The best is to use other tools like fgets() to read a line of input and form a string for later testing.



To test strictly for is a bit hard. *scanf("%d",...) has undefined behavior on overflow. *scanf("%f",...) has similar UB, especially when float does not support infinity/not-a-number.





To test if a string convert to a valid int



bool my_isint(const char *s) {
// Add to dis-allow leading white-space
if (isspace((unsigned char) *s)) return false;

char *endptr;
base = 0; // use base = 0 to only allow base 10 input
errno = 0;
long val = strtol(s, &endptr, base);
if (s == endptr) return false; // no conversion

if (errno == ERANGE) return false; // too big for long
if (val > INT_MAX || val < INT_MIN) return false; // too big for int

// Add to allow trailing white-space
while (isspace((unsigned char) *endptr)) endptr++;

// Add to dis-allow trailing junk
while (*endptr) return false; // trailing junk

return true;
}


To test if a string converts to a valid float is like testing for double when float supports infinity/non-a-number. More later- GTG.






share|improve this answer

















  • 1




    Oh my goodness! Thanks a lot, this gives me an idea about the underneath complexity. This is a totally manual approach which I feel is more supposed to be used in production rather in learning apps for sake of algorithms exploration.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 19:52






  • 2




    @terales Post did ask for "make input strict with standard functions". I saw that as seeking a robust solution beyond a learner's debut. Else is it just if (sscanf(buf, "%d",...) == 1) and if (sscanf(buf, "%f",...) == 1).
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:15










  • Thanks, @chux, I would try to be more clear the next time. I've added your and John's info in the final answer.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:19

















up vote
3
down vote













Others answers, especially @John Bollinger well explain why code fails to meet the goal.



Note input may converter to a int, float, neither, or both.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




The best is to use other tools like fgets() to read a line of input and form a string for later testing.



To test strictly for is a bit hard. *scanf("%d",...) has undefined behavior on overflow. *scanf("%f",...) has similar UB, especially when float does not support infinity/not-a-number.





To test if a string convert to a valid int



bool my_isint(const char *s) {
// Add to dis-allow leading white-space
if (isspace((unsigned char) *s)) return false;

char *endptr;
base = 0; // use base = 0 to only allow base 10 input
errno = 0;
long val = strtol(s, &endptr, base);
if (s == endptr) return false; // no conversion

if (errno == ERANGE) return false; // too big for long
if (val > INT_MAX || val < INT_MIN) return false; // too big for int

// Add to allow trailing white-space
while (isspace((unsigned char) *endptr)) endptr++;

// Add to dis-allow trailing junk
while (*endptr) return false; // trailing junk

return true;
}


To test if a string converts to a valid float is like testing for double when float supports infinity/non-a-number. More later- GTG.






share|improve this answer

















  • 1




    Oh my goodness! Thanks a lot, this gives me an idea about the underneath complexity. This is a totally manual approach which I feel is more supposed to be used in production rather in learning apps for sake of algorithms exploration.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 19:52






  • 2




    @terales Post did ask for "make input strict with standard functions". I saw that as seeking a robust solution beyond a learner's debut. Else is it just if (sscanf(buf, "%d",...) == 1) and if (sscanf(buf, "%f",...) == 1).
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:15










  • Thanks, @chux, I would try to be more clear the next time. I've added your and John's info in the final answer.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:19















up vote
3
down vote










up vote
3
down vote









Others answers, especially @John Bollinger well explain why code fails to meet the goal.



Note input may converter to a int, float, neither, or both.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




The best is to use other tools like fgets() to read a line of input and form a string for later testing.



To test strictly for is a bit hard. *scanf("%d",...) has undefined behavior on overflow. *scanf("%f",...) has similar UB, especially when float does not support infinity/not-a-number.





To test if a string convert to a valid int



bool my_isint(const char *s) {
// Add to dis-allow leading white-space
if (isspace((unsigned char) *s)) return false;

char *endptr;
base = 0; // use base = 0 to only allow base 10 input
errno = 0;
long val = strtol(s, &endptr, base);
if (s == endptr) return false; // no conversion

if (errno == ERANGE) return false; // too big for long
if (val > INT_MAX || val < INT_MIN) return false; // too big for int

// Add to allow trailing white-space
while (isspace((unsigned char) *endptr)) endptr++;

// Add to dis-allow trailing junk
while (*endptr) return false; // trailing junk

return true;
}


To test if a string converts to a valid float is like testing for double when float supports infinity/non-a-number. More later- GTG.






share|improve this answer












Others answers, especially @John Bollinger well explain why code fails to meet the goal.



Note input may converter to a int, float, neither, or both.




How can I make input strict with standard functions and throw an exception if there was neither ints nor floats?




The best is to use other tools like fgets() to read a line of input and form a string for later testing.



To test strictly for is a bit hard. *scanf("%d",...) has undefined behavior on overflow. *scanf("%f",...) has similar UB, especially when float does not support infinity/not-a-number.





To test if a string convert to a valid int



bool my_isint(const char *s) {
// Add to dis-allow leading white-space
if (isspace((unsigned char) *s)) return false;

char *endptr;
base = 0; // use base = 0 to only allow base 10 input
errno = 0;
long val = strtol(s, &endptr, base);
if (s == endptr) return false; // no conversion

if (errno == ERANGE) return false; // too big for long
if (val > INT_MAX || val < INT_MIN) return false; // too big for int

// Add to allow trailing white-space
while (isspace((unsigned char) *endptr)) endptr++;

// Add to dis-allow trailing junk
while (*endptr) return false; // trailing junk

return true;
}


To test if a string converts to a valid float is like testing for double when float supports infinity/non-a-number. More later- GTG.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Nov 11 at 19:36









chux

79.7k870146




79.7k870146








  • 1




    Oh my goodness! Thanks a lot, this gives me an idea about the underneath complexity. This is a totally manual approach which I feel is more supposed to be used in production rather in learning apps for sake of algorithms exploration.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 19:52






  • 2




    @terales Post did ask for "make input strict with standard functions". I saw that as seeking a robust solution beyond a learner's debut. Else is it just if (sscanf(buf, "%d",...) == 1) and if (sscanf(buf, "%f",...) == 1).
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:15










  • Thanks, @chux, I would try to be more clear the next time. I've added your and John's info in the final answer.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:19
















  • 1




    Oh my goodness! Thanks a lot, this gives me an idea about the underneath complexity. This is a totally manual approach which I feel is more supposed to be used in production rather in learning apps for sake of algorithms exploration.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 19:52






  • 2




    @terales Post did ask for "make input strict with standard functions". I saw that as seeking a robust solution beyond a learner's debut. Else is it just if (sscanf(buf, "%d",...) == 1) and if (sscanf(buf, "%f",...) == 1).
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:15










  • Thanks, @chux, I would try to be more clear the next time. I've added your and John's info in the final answer.
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:19










1




1




Oh my goodness! Thanks a lot, this gives me an idea about the underneath complexity. This is a totally manual approach which I feel is more supposed to be used in production rather in learning apps for sake of algorithms exploration.
– terales
Nov 11 at 19:52




Oh my goodness! Thanks a lot, this gives me an idea about the underneath complexity. This is a totally manual approach which I feel is more supposed to be used in production rather in learning apps for sake of algorithms exploration.
– terales
Nov 11 at 19:52




2




2




@terales Post did ask for "make input strict with standard functions". I saw that as seeking a robust solution beyond a learner's debut. Else is it just if (sscanf(buf, "%d",...) == 1) and if (sscanf(buf, "%f",...) == 1).
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:15




@terales Post did ask for "make input strict with standard functions". I saw that as seeking a robust solution beyond a learner's debut. Else is it just if (sscanf(buf, "%d",...) == 1) and if (sscanf(buf, "%f",...) == 1).
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:15












Thanks, @chux, I would try to be more clear the next time. I've added your and John's info in the final answer.
– terales
Nov 11 at 20:19






Thanks, @chux, I would try to be more clear the next time. I've added your and John's info in the final answer.
– terales
Nov 11 at 20:19












up vote
1
down vote













fgets can be used to read a line. Parse the line with sscanf. sscanf will return the number of items successfully scanned. This also captures the character following the second float. If it is not a newline, the loop continues until two floats followed by a newline are scanned.



#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main( void) {
char input[200] = "";
char nl = 0;
int items = 3;
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

do {
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
if ( fgets ( input, sizeof input, stdin)) {
// Get user input
items = sscanf ( input, "%f %f%c", &alpha, &b, &nl);
}
else {
fprintf ( stderr, "fgets EOFn");
return 0;
}
} while ( 3 != items || 'n' != nl);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}





share|improve this answer





















  • Why not simply use scanf?
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:45










  • @kfx if scanf gets bad input such as abc for a float, it leaves the bad input in the input stream. So you must clean the input stream. fgets will read everything from the input stream up to the size of the input array or a newline. So on bad input, the input stream has already been cleaned.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 18:48






  • 1




    This newline scan fails if they enter other whitespace before the newline
    – M.M
    Nov 11 at 19:49












  • @M.M yes. could use "%f %f %c" and just test that items is 2. then any trailing whitespace is ok.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 20:00










  • @user3121023 -- "%f %f %c" would match the newline before %c is encountered, leaving nl unassigned and items with a value of 2.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 20:04















up vote
1
down vote













fgets can be used to read a line. Parse the line with sscanf. sscanf will return the number of items successfully scanned. This also captures the character following the second float. If it is not a newline, the loop continues until two floats followed by a newline are scanned.



#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main( void) {
char input[200] = "";
char nl = 0;
int items = 3;
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

do {
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
if ( fgets ( input, sizeof input, stdin)) {
// Get user input
items = sscanf ( input, "%f %f%c", &alpha, &b, &nl);
}
else {
fprintf ( stderr, "fgets EOFn");
return 0;
}
} while ( 3 != items || 'n' != nl);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}





share|improve this answer





















  • Why not simply use scanf?
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:45










  • @kfx if scanf gets bad input such as abc for a float, it leaves the bad input in the input stream. So you must clean the input stream. fgets will read everything from the input stream up to the size of the input array or a newline. So on bad input, the input stream has already been cleaned.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 18:48






  • 1




    This newline scan fails if they enter other whitespace before the newline
    – M.M
    Nov 11 at 19:49












  • @M.M yes. could use "%f %f %c" and just test that items is 2. then any trailing whitespace is ok.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 20:00










  • @user3121023 -- "%f %f %c" would match the newline before %c is encountered, leaving nl unassigned and items with a value of 2.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 20:04













up vote
1
down vote










up vote
1
down vote









fgets can be used to read a line. Parse the line with sscanf. sscanf will return the number of items successfully scanned. This also captures the character following the second float. If it is not a newline, the loop continues until two floats followed by a newline are scanned.



#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main( void) {
char input[200] = "";
char nl = 0;
int items = 3;
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

do {
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
if ( fgets ( input, sizeof input, stdin)) {
// Get user input
items = sscanf ( input, "%f %f%c", &alpha, &b, &nl);
}
else {
fprintf ( stderr, "fgets EOFn");
return 0;
}
} while ( 3 != items || 'n' != nl);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}





share|improve this answer












fgets can be used to read a line. Parse the line with sscanf. sscanf will return the number of items successfully scanned. This also captures the character following the second float. If it is not a newline, the loop continues until two floats followed by a newline are scanned.



#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main( void) {
char input[200] = "";
char nl = 0;
int items = 3;
float alpha;
float b;
float result;

do {
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
if ( fgets ( input, sizeof input, stdin)) {
// Get user input
items = sscanf ( input, "%f %f%c", &alpha, &b, &nl);
}
else {
fprintf ( stderr, "fgets EOFn");
return 0;
}
} while ( 3 != items || 'n' != nl);
printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}






share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Nov 11 at 18:35









user3121023

5,41741113




5,41741113












  • Why not simply use scanf?
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:45










  • @kfx if scanf gets bad input such as abc for a float, it leaves the bad input in the input stream. So you must clean the input stream. fgets will read everything from the input stream up to the size of the input array or a newline. So on bad input, the input stream has already been cleaned.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 18:48






  • 1




    This newline scan fails if they enter other whitespace before the newline
    – M.M
    Nov 11 at 19:49












  • @M.M yes. could use "%f %f %c" and just test that items is 2. then any trailing whitespace is ok.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 20:00










  • @user3121023 -- "%f %f %c" would match the newline before %c is encountered, leaving nl unassigned and items with a value of 2.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 20:04


















  • Why not simply use scanf?
    – kfx
    Nov 11 at 18:45










  • @kfx if scanf gets bad input such as abc for a float, it leaves the bad input in the input stream. So you must clean the input stream. fgets will read everything from the input stream up to the size of the input array or a newline. So on bad input, the input stream has already been cleaned.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 18:48






  • 1




    This newline scan fails if they enter other whitespace before the newline
    – M.M
    Nov 11 at 19:49












  • @M.M yes. could use "%f %f %c" and just test that items is 2. then any trailing whitespace is ok.
    – user3121023
    Nov 11 at 20:00










  • @user3121023 -- "%f %f %c" would match the newline before %c is encountered, leaving nl unassigned and items with a value of 2.
    – David Bowling
    Nov 11 at 20:04
















Why not simply use scanf?
– kfx
Nov 11 at 18:45




Why not simply use scanf?
– kfx
Nov 11 at 18:45












@kfx if scanf gets bad input such as abc for a float, it leaves the bad input in the input stream. So you must clean the input stream. fgets will read everything from the input stream up to the size of the input array or a newline. So on bad input, the input stream has already been cleaned.
– user3121023
Nov 11 at 18:48




@kfx if scanf gets bad input such as abc for a float, it leaves the bad input in the input stream. So you must clean the input stream. fgets will read everything from the input stream up to the size of the input array or a newline. So on bad input, the input stream has already been cleaned.
– user3121023
Nov 11 at 18:48




1




1




This newline scan fails if they enter other whitespace before the newline
– M.M
Nov 11 at 19:49






This newline scan fails if they enter other whitespace before the newline
– M.M
Nov 11 at 19:49














@M.M yes. could use "%f %f %c" and just test that items is 2. then any trailing whitespace is ok.
– user3121023
Nov 11 at 20:00




@M.M yes. could use "%f %f %c" and just test that items is 2. then any trailing whitespace is ok.
– user3121023
Nov 11 at 20:00












@user3121023 -- "%f %f %c" would match the newline before %c is encountered, leaving nl unassigned and items with a value of 2.
– David Bowling
Nov 11 at 20:04




@user3121023 -- "%f %f %c" would match the newline before %c is encountered, leaving nl unassigned and items with a value of 2.
– David Bowling
Nov 11 at 20:04










up vote
0
down vote



accepted










As @John Bollinger (answer) and @chux (answer) kindly explained the question is wrong by itself, actually scanf doesn't accept chars instead of floats but omitting it. To catch this behavior I've modified the code in the following way:



+ #include <errno.h> // Error codes constants

int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
+ int matches;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
± matches = scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);

+ if (matches != 2) {
+ printf("ERROR: Space separated float numbers only expected.n");
+ return EINVAL;
+ }

printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Appropriate only for simple learning programs you're writing during your CS degree!



Otherwise, check @chux's answer for a more production-like solution.






share|improve this answer



















  • 1




    Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:33






  • 1




    Detail: "%f %f" will not insure "Space separated float numbers". Try "123.4-567.8". If space separation is required, additional code needed.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:35








  • 1




    — "Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?" — Thanks! I just didn't know it's possible. Space separation is optional there, the main point is to prevent wrong calculations. Thanks a lot @chux!
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:43















up vote
0
down vote



accepted










As @John Bollinger (answer) and @chux (answer) kindly explained the question is wrong by itself, actually scanf doesn't accept chars instead of floats but omitting it. To catch this behavior I've modified the code in the following way:



+ #include <errno.h> // Error codes constants

int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
+ int matches;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
± matches = scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);

+ if (matches != 2) {
+ printf("ERROR: Space separated float numbers only expected.n");
+ return EINVAL;
+ }

printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Appropriate only for simple learning programs you're writing during your CS degree!



Otherwise, check @chux's answer for a more production-like solution.






share|improve this answer



















  • 1




    Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:33






  • 1




    Detail: "%f %f" will not insure "Space separated float numbers". Try "123.4-567.8". If space separation is required, additional code needed.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:35








  • 1




    — "Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?" — Thanks! I just didn't know it's possible. Space separation is optional there, the main point is to prevent wrong calculations. Thanks a lot @chux!
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:43













up vote
0
down vote



accepted







up vote
0
down vote



accepted






As @John Bollinger (answer) and @chux (answer) kindly explained the question is wrong by itself, actually scanf doesn't accept chars instead of floats but omitting it. To catch this behavior I've modified the code in the following way:



+ #include <errno.h> // Error codes constants

int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
+ int matches;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
± matches = scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);

+ if (matches != 2) {
+ printf("ERROR: Space separated float numbers only expected.n");
+ return EINVAL;
+ }

printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Appropriate only for simple learning programs you're writing during your CS degree!



Otherwise, check @chux's answer for a more production-like solution.






share|improve this answer














As @John Bollinger (answer) and @chux (answer) kindly explained the question is wrong by itself, actually scanf doesn't accept chars instead of floats but omitting it. To catch this behavior I've modified the code in the following way:



+ #include <errno.h> // Error codes constants

int main()
{
// Define variables
float alpha;
float b;
+ int matches;
float result;

// Get user input
printf("Type alpha and b. Space separated float numbers only.n");
± matches = scanf("%f %f", &alpha, &b);

+ if (matches != 2) {
+ printf("ERROR: Space separated float numbers only expected.n");
+ return EINVAL;
+ }

printf("%f %fn", alpha, b);
return 0;
}


Appropriate only for simple learning programs you're writing during your CS degree!



Otherwise, check @chux's answer for a more production-like solution.







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited Nov 11 at 21:57

























answered Nov 11 at 20:24









terales

1,6721525




1,6721525








  • 1




    Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:33






  • 1




    Detail: "%f %f" will not insure "Space separated float numbers". Try "123.4-567.8". If space separation is required, additional code needed.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:35








  • 1




    — "Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?" — Thanks! I just didn't know it's possible. Space separation is optional there, the main point is to prevent wrong calculations. Thanks a lot @chux!
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:43














  • 1




    Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:33






  • 1




    Detail: "%f %f" will not insure "Space separated float numbers". Try "123.4-567.8". If space separation is required, additional code needed.
    – chux
    Nov 11 at 20:35








  • 1




    — "Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?" — Thanks! I just didn't know it's possible. Space separation is optional there, the main point is to prevent wrong calculations. Thanks a lot @chux!
    – terales
    Nov 11 at 20:43








1




1




Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:33




Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:33




1




1




Detail: "%f %f" will not insure "Space separated float numbers". Try "123.4-567.8". If space separation is required, additional code needed.
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:35






Detail: "%f %f" will not insure "Space separated float numbers". Try "123.4-567.8". If space separation is required, additional code needed.
– chux
Nov 11 at 20:35






1




1




— "Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?" — Thanks! I just didn't know it's possible. Space separation is optional there, the main point is to prevent wrong calculations. Thanks a lot @chux!
– terales
Nov 11 at 20:43




— "Minor: why hard code 22 and not use return EINVAL;?" — Thanks! I just didn't know it's possible. Space separation is optional there, the main point is to prevent wrong calculations. Thanks a lot @chux!
– terales
Nov 11 at 20:43


















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