Reef lobster
| Reef lobsters | |
|---|---|
 | |
Enoplometopus antillensis | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Crustacea |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Infraorder: | Astacidea |
| Superfamily: | Enoplometopoidea [1] De Saint Laurent, 1988 |
| Family: | Enoplometopidae De Saint Laurent, 1988 |
| Genus: | Enoplometopus A. Milne Edwards, 1862 |
Type species | |
Enoplometopus pictus A. Milne Edwards, 1862 [2] | |
Synonyms | |
Hoplometopus Holthuis, 1983 | |
Reef lobsters, Enoplometopus, are a genus of small lobsters that live on reefs in the Indo-Pacific, Caribbean and warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean.[3]
Description
Species of Enoplometopus occur from coral reefs at depths of less than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in)[4] to rocky reefs at depths of 300 m (980 ft).[5] They are brightly coloured, with stripes, rings, or spots. They are typically mainly red, orange, purplish and white.[3] Reef lobsters are small (depending on species, up to 10–13 centimetres or 4–5 inches), nocturnal (spending the day in caves or crevices), and very timid.[3] The species can be distinguished by their colouration and morphology.[3]
Fossil Eryma mandelslohi
As a result of their bright colours, they are popular in the aquarium trade, and unregulated collection combined with destruction of coral reefs may threaten some species. Due to uncertainty over the impact of these potential threats, the majority are considered data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[6]
Reef lobsters are distinguished from clawed lobsters (family Nephropidae) by having full chelae (claws) only on the first pair of pereiopods, the second and third pairs being only subchelate (where the last segment of the appendage can press against a short projection from the penultimate one). Clawed lobsters have full claws on the first three pereiopods. Males, unlike those of nephropoid lobsters, have an extra lobe on the second pleopod, which is assumed to have some function in reproduction. Reef lobsters have a shallow cervical groove while clawed lobsters have a deep cervical groove.[1]
Although there is no fossil record of reef lobsters, there is some evidence that they may be related to the extinct genus Eryma which lived from the Permo-Triassic to the late Cretaceous.[7]
Species
The genus contains the following species:[8]
Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865
Enoplometopus callistus Intès and Le Loeuff, 1970
Enoplometopus chacei Kensley and Child, 1986
Enoplometopus crosnieri Chan and Yu, 1998
Enoplometopus daumi Holthuis, 1983
Enoplometopus debelius Holthuis, 1983
Enoplometopus gracilipes (De Saint Laurent, 1988)
Enoplometopus holthuisi Gordon, 1968
Enoplometopus occidentalis (Randall, 1840)
Enoplometopus pictus A. Milne Edwards, 1862
Enoplometopus voigtmanni Türkay, 1989
References
^ ab Michèle de Saint Laurent (1988). "Enoplometopoidea, nouvelle superfamille de Crustacés Décapodes Astacidea". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. III. 307: 59–62..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ L. B. Holthuis (1983). "Notes on the genus Enoplometopus, with descriptions of a new subgenus and two new species (Crustacea Decapoda, Axiidae)" (PDF). Zoologische Mededelingen. 56 (22): 281–298, pls. 1–4.
^ abcd Helmut Debelius (2001). Crustacea: Guide of the World. Frankfurt am Main: IKAN, Unterwasserarchiv. pp. 44–54, 200–205. ISBN 978-3-931702-74-8.
^ Chan, T.Y. & Wahle, R. (2011). "Enoplometopus daumi". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2011: e.T184985A8340177. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T184985A8340177.en. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
^ Chan, T.Y. & Wahle, R. (2011). "Enoplometopus gracilipes". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2011: e.T185005A8345117. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T185005A8345117.en. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
^ T. Y. Chan & R. Wahle (2009). "Version 2011.1". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
^ F. R. Schram & C. J. Dixon (2004). "Decapod phylogeny: addition of fossil evidence to a robust morphological cladistic data set" (PDF). Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum. 31: 1–19.
^ J. Poupin (2003). "Reef lobsters Enoplometopus A. Milne Edwards, 1862 from French Polynesia, with a brief revision of the genus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Enoplometopidae)" (PDF). Zoosystema. 25 (4): 643–664.
